Observed Circumvention of the Gutka Smokeless Tobacco Ban in Mumbai, India.
Observed Circumvention of the Gutka Smokeless Tobacco Ban in Mumbai, India.
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DOI：
10.18001/trs.6.5.3
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发表时间：
2020-09
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Khariwala SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adhikari K;Pednekar MS;Stepanov I;Singh A;Nikam S;Singhavi H;Gota V;Ahluwalia JS;Chaturvedi P;Gupta PC;Khariwala SS
古特卡是在印度工业化生产的，印度的一些邦已经禁止销售制造的古特卡作为公共卫生倡议。我们探讨了在禁令实施后是否仍有古特卡可供购买，并试图观察规避禁令的方法。2019年8月至9月，我们访问了孟买大都会区（MMR）周围至少15-20公里的不同地点的5个不同市场，包括孟买及其位于印度马哈拉施特拉邦的卫星城镇。在每个地点，供应商都被询问是否有古塔。在MMR的5个地点/部门购买了烟草。在所有的市场上，被禁止的古特卡都没有展示，只有在向店主提出要求后才能购买。观察到三种规避禁令的方法：（1）包装上标有“仅出口”;（2）使用双层包装，其中pan masala和烟草一起出售，立即混合以产生gutka;以及（3）无特征的包装，没有提到“gutka”。尽管在马哈拉施特拉邦有全州范围的禁令，但古特卡在MMR很容易买到。营销人员使用多种方法来规避全州范围内的古特卡禁令。
Gutka is industrially manufactured in India and some Indian states have instituted bans on the sale of manufactured gutka as a public health initiative. We explored whether gutka was still available for purchase after the ban and also sought to observe methods of ban circumvention. We visited 5 different markets at different locations separated by at least 15–20 km around the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) area, consisting of Mumbai and its satellite towns in Maharashtra, India during August- September, 2019. In each location, purveyors were queried as to the availability of gutka. Tobacco purchases were made in 5 locations/sections of MMR. At all markets, banned gutka was not displayed , and could only be purchased after requesting from the shopkeeper. Three methods of ban circumvention were observed: (1) packages marked ‘export only’; (2) use of twin packaging in which pan masala and tobacco are sold together for immediate mixing to create gutka; and, (3) non-descript packaging without mention of ‘gutka’. Although not readily displayed in shops, gutka is readily available in MMR, despite a statewide ban in Maharashtra. Marketers have used multiple methods to circumvent the statewide gutka ban.
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影响因子：
1
作者：
Gupta, P. C.;Ray, C. S.;Sinha, D. N.
通讯作者：
Sinha, D. N.
影响因子：
1
作者：
Nair S;Schensul JJ;Bilgi S;Kadam V;D'Mello S;Donta B
通讯作者：
Donta B
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Kumar, Gaurav;Pednekar, M. S.;Gupta, P. C.
通讯作者：
Gupta, P. C.
影响因子：
1
作者：
Pimple, S.;Gunjal, S.;Shastri, S. S.
通讯作者：
Shastri, S. S.