Recent Insights into Insect Olfactory Receptors and Odorant-Binding Proteins.
Recent Insights into Insect Olfactory Receptors and Odorant-Binding Proteins.
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从了解蛾类的信息素检测开始，昆虫定位食物和配偶的能力已经吸引了研究人员超过世纪。在这里，我们回顾了在嗅觉受体和气味结合蛋白水平上了解挥发物检测的最新进展，重点是生物学方面的进展。果蝇仍然是一个重要的模型系统，但CRIPSR介导的基因组编辑正在为广泛的昆虫（包括疾病媒介和重要的农业害虫）的遗传分析打开大门。本文将重点介绍气味结合蛋白和嗅觉受体对气味的初始识别和信号传导的新发现。最后，我们讨论了一些关键的昆虫行为似乎已经演变成多模态机制，以最大限度地提高响应鲁棒性。人类和昆虫的嗅觉有许多共同的特征，但昆虫的嗅觉系统与哺乳动物的嗅觉系统有很大的不同。哺乳动物的嗅觉神经元在鼻子中共享相同的上覆流体层，并且神经元调谐完全取决于受体特异性。在昆虫中，嗅觉神经元在解剖学上被分离成感受器，并且小簇的嗅觉神经元树突共享细胞外液，这些细胞外液可以在不同的感受器中独立调节。被称为气味结合蛋白的小的细胞外蛋白质被差异地分泌到这种感器淋巴液中，在那里它们已被证明赋予对特定气味的敏感性，并且它们还可以影响嗅觉神经元反应的动力学。昆虫嗅觉受体不是G蛋白偶联受体，如脊椎动物嗅觉受体，而是通过与气味分子直接相互作用打开的配体门控离子通道。最近，昆虫嗅觉神经元表达多种受体的几个例子已经确定，表明神经元调谐的机制可能是更广泛的昆虫比哺乳动物。最后，基因组编辑的最新进展正在许多物种中得到应用，包括农业害虫和人类疾病载体。
Starting with efforts to understand pheromone detection in moths, the ability of insects to localize food and mates has captivated researchers for over a century. Here we review recent advances in understanding the detection of volatiles at the level of olfactory receptors and odorant-binding proteins focusing on advances in biological understanding. Drosophila remains an important model system, but CRIPSR-mediated genome editing is opening the door to genetic analysis in a wide range of insects, including disease vectors and important agricultural pests. This review will spotlight new findings for the initial recognition and signaling events by odorant-binding proteins and olfactory receptors in responses to odorants. Finally, we discussed how some critical insect behaviors appear to have evolved multimodal mechanisms to maximize response robustness. Human and insect olfaction share many general features, but insects differ from mammalian systems in important ways. Mammalian olfactory neurons share the same overlying fluid layer in the nose, and neuronal tuning entirely depends upon receptor specificity. In insects, the olfactory neurons are anatomically segregated into sensilla, and small clusters of olfactory neurons dendrites share extracellular fluid that can be independently regulated in different sensilla. Small extracellular proteins called odorant-binding proteins are differentially secreted into this sensillum lymph fluid where they have been shown to confer sensitivity to specific odorants, and they can also affect the kinetics of the olfactory neuron responses. Insect olfactory receptors are not G-protein-coupled receptors, such as vertebrate olfactory receptors, but are ligand-gated ion channels opened by direct interactions with odorant molecules. Recently, several examples of insect olfactory neurons expressing multiple receptors have been identified, indicating that the mechanisms for neuronal tuning may be broader in insects than mammals. Finally, recent advances in genome editing are finding applications in many species, including agricultural pests and human disease vectors.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1518329113
发表时间：
2016-02-16
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Cao, Li-Hui;Jing, Bi-Yang;Luo, Dong-Gen
通讯作者：
Luo, Dong-Gen