The Physical and Biochemical Properties of the Extracellular Matrix Regulate Cell Fate.
The Physical and Biochemical Properties of the Extracellular Matrix Regulate Cell Fate.
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DOI：
10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.002
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Weaver VM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muncie JM;Weaver VM
细胞外基质是水合大分子蛋白质和糖的复杂网络，其与结合的可溶性因子一起构成组织的无细胞基质微环境。细胞外基质不仅为细胞提供结构信息，而且在发育中起指导作用，对维持组织稳态至关重要。在本章中，我们回顾了细胞外基质的组成，并总结了说明其在胚胎发生，组织特异性发育和干细胞分化中的重要性的数据。我们讨论了细胞外基质的生物物理和生物化学特性如何连接特异性跨膜受体以激活细胞内信号，从而改变细胞形状和细胞骨架动力学以调节细胞生长和活力，并指导细胞迁移和细胞命运。我们目前的例子描述细胞外基质如何作为一个高度复杂的物理和化学实体，通过与组织的细胞成分的动态和相互对话来调节组织组织和细胞行为。我们认为细胞外基质不仅传递细胞和组织水平的力量来塑造发育和调节细胞活动，这是协调组织行为的关键，而且它本身也被重塑，从而在时间上进化以维持组织的综合功能。因此，我们认为细胞外基质组成和结构的扰动会损害关键的发育事件和组织稳态，并促进疾病。
The extracellular matrix is a complex network of hydrated macromolecular proteins and sugars that, in concert with bound soluble factors, comprise the acellular stromal microenvironment of tissues. Rather than merely providing structural information to cells, the extracellular matrix plays an instructive role in development and is critical for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In this chapter, we review the composition of the extracellular matrix and summarize data illustrating its importance in embryogenesis, tissue-specific development, and stem cell differentiation. We discuss how the biophysical and biochemical properties of the extracellular matrix ligate specific transmembrane receptors to activate intracellular signaling that alter cell shape and cytoskeletal dynamics to modulate cell growth and viability, and direct cell migration and cell fate. We present examples describing how the extracellular matrix functions as a highly complex physical and chemical entity that regulates tissue organization and cell behavior through a dynamic and reciprocal dialogue with the cellular constituents of the tissue. We suggest that the extracellular matrix not only transmits cellular and tissue-level force to shape development and tune cellular activities that are key for coordinated tissue behavior, but that it is itself remodeled such that it temporally evolves to maintain the integrated function of the tissue. Accordingly, we argue that perturbations in extracellular matrix composition and structure compromise key developmental events and tissue homeostasis, and promote disease.
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