Electronic Cigarette Solvents, JUUL E-Liquids, and Biomarkers of Exposure: In Vivo Evidence for Acrolein and Glycidol in E-Cig-Derived Aerosols.
Electronic Cigarette Solvents, JUUL E-Liquids, and Biomarkers of Exposure: In Vivo Evidence for Acrolein and Glycidol in E-Cig-Derived Aerosols.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00328
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发表时间：
2022-02-21
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Conklin DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lorkiewicz P;Keith R;Lynch J;Jin L;Theis W;Krivokhizhina T;Riggs D;Bhatnagar A;Srivastava S;Conklin DJ
尽管电子烟越来越受欢迎，但它们对健康的长期影响仍不清楚。在动物模型中，暴露于电子烟已被报道会导致肺和心血管损伤，而在人类，急性使用电子烟会增加心率和血压，并导致内皮功能障碍。在动物模型和人类中，与电子烟相关的心血管功能障碍都与电子烟气雾剂中产生的甲醛和丙烯醛等活性醛有关。这些醛是电子液体中存在的植物甘油(VG)加热和降解的已知产物。在这里，我们报告了在小鼠中，急性暴露于丙二醇：植物甘油(PG：VG)或电子烟衍生的气雾剂的混合物中，显著增加了丙烯醛和缩水甘油代谢物-3-羟丙硫基尿酸(3HPMA)和2，3-二羟丙基硫代尿酸(23HPMA)的排泄，正如UPLC-MS/MS测量的那样，在人类中，电子烟的使用导致了23HPMA尿液水平的增加，但3HPMA没有。小鼠急性暴露于PG：13C3-VG气雾剂后，尿代谢物13C3-3HPMA和13C3-23HPMA的13C3浓集显著增加。我们的稳定同位素示踪实验进一步证明，蔬菜甘油在电子烟溶剂中的热分解会导致丙烯醛和缩水甘油的生成。这表明，电子烟对健康的不利影响可能部分归因于这些通过雾化尼古丁过程形成的活性化合物。我们的发现也支持这样的观点，即23HPMA，而不是3HPMA，可能是电子烟使用的相对特异的生物标志物。
Despite the increasing popularity of e-cigarettes, their long-term health effects remain unknown. In animal models, exposure to e-cigarette has been reported to result in pulmonary and cardiovascular injury, and in humans, the acute use of e-cigarettes increases heart rate and blood pressure and induces endothelial dysfunction. In both animal models and humans, cardiovascular dysfunction associated with e-cigarettes has been linked to reactive aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acrolein generated in e-cigarette aerosols. These aldehydes are known products of heating and degradation of vegetable glycerin (VG) present in e-liquids. Here, we report that in mice, acute exposure to a mixture of propylene glycol:vegetable glycerin (PG:VG) or to e-cigarette-derived aerosols significantly increased the urinary excretion of acrolein and glycidol metabolites—3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3HPMA) and 2,3-dihydroxypropylmercapturic acid (23HPMA)—as measured by UPLC-MS/MS. In humans, the use of e-cigarettes led to an increase in the urinary levels of 23HPMA but not 3HPMA. Acute exposure of mice to aerosols derived from PG:13C3-VG significantly increased the 13C3 enrichment of both urinary metabolites 13C3-3HPMA and 13C3-23HPMA. Our stable isotope tracing experiments provide further evidence that thermal decomposition of vegetable glycerin in the e-cigarette solvent leads to generation of acrolein and glycidol. This suggests that the adverse health effects of e-cigarettes may be attributable in part to these reactive compounds formed through the process of aerosolizing nicotine. Our findings also support the notion that 23HPMA, but not 3HPMA, may be a relatively specific biomarker of e-cigarette use.
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpheart.00878.2020
发表时间：
2021-04-01
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Jin, Lexiao;Lynch, Jordan;Conklin, Daniel J.
通讯作者：
Conklin, Daniel J.
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Esposito, Marco
影响因子：
7.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
O'Connor, Paul