Productivity Dispersion, Misallocation, and Reallocation Frictions: Theory and Evidence from Policy Reforms

Productivity Dispersion, Misallocation, and Reallocation Frictions: Theory and Evidence from Policy Reforms
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生产力分散、错配和再分配摩擦:政策改革的理论和证据

DOI:
10.1057/s41294-021-00157-0
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
0.8
通讯作者:
Earle, John S.
Earle, John S.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brown, J. David;Dinlersoz, Emin;Earle, John S.

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最近的研究认为,观察到的各公司生产率的差异反映了资源配置不当,并得出结论认为,可以从市场自由化政策中获得巨大的GDP收益。我们的理论分析考察了以进入成本、经营成本和重组成本为形式的再分配摩擦对生产率分散的影响,并表明减少这些摩擦的改革可能会提高企业间的生产率分散。与传统观点相反,该模型并不意味着总生产率和生产率分散度之间存在负相关关系。我们的实证分析集中在美国和六个东欧转型经济体的自由化政策改革的插曲。我们发现,美国电信设备制造业的放松管制是与增加,而不是减少,生产力分散,在我们的样本中,每个转型经济体自由化后的离散度急剧上升。共产主义中央计划经济下的生产力分散与美国类似,而且在自由化速度更快的国家,生产力分散程度上升得更快。我们还发现,滞后的生产率分散预测更高的未来生产率增长,可能是因为分散反映了进入和在位企业的实验。分析表明,政策环境和生产率分散之间没有简单的关系。
Recent research maintains that the observed productivity variation across firms reflects resource misallocation and concludes that large GDP gains may be obtained from market-liberalizing polices. Our theoretical analysis examines the impact on productivity dispersion of reallocation frictions in the form of costs of entry, operation, and restructuring, and shows that reforms reducing these frictions may raise dispersion of productivity across firms. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the model does not imply a negative relationship between aggregate productivity and productivity dispersion. Our empirical analysis focuses on episodes of liberalizing policy reforms in the US and six East European transition economies. We find that deregulation of US telecommunications equipment manufacturing is associated with increased, not reduced, productivity dispersion, and that every transition economy in our sample shows a sharp rise in dispersion after liberalization. Productivity dispersion under communist central planning is similar to that in the US, and it rises faster in countries liberalizing more quickly. We also find that lagged productivity dispersion predicts higher future productivity growth, likely because dispersion reflects experimentation by both entering and incumbent firms. The analysis suggests there is no simple relationship between the policy environment and productivity dispersion.
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