Economic and Environmental Impact of Rice Blast Pathogen (Magnaporthe oryzae) Alleviation in the United States.
Economic and Environmental Impact of Rice Blast Pathogen (Magnaporthe oryzae) Alleviation in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0167295
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Thoma G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nalley L;Tsiboe F;Durand-Morat A;Shew A;Thoma G
稻瘟病（Magnaporthe oryzae）是应对全球粮食不安全的一个关键问题，因为该疾病造成全球约30%的水稻生产损失，相当于养活6000万人。这些损失提高了全球稻米价格，降低了消费者福利和粮食安全。水稻是世界上一半以上人口的主要作物，因此稻瘟病的任何减少都将对消费者的生计产生实质性的有益影响。2012年，美国的研究人员开始分析通过顺基因育种培育抗稻瘟病水稻的可行性。相应地，我们的研究使用国际贸易和环境评估模型，评估了如果美国中南部生产的所有水稻都通过类似自生的过程具有抗稻瘟病性，那么生产者、消费者和环境福利的变化。我们的研究结果表明，通过消除中南部生产的爆炸，美国大米生产商每年将获得6934万美元的收益，并增加大米供应，以养活全球额外的100万消费者。这些结果表明，鉴于按照全球标准，美国是一个小型水稻生产国，并且由于其在生产技术和管理方面的持续投资，可能比其他水稻生产国遭受的稻瘟病损失更低，因此减轻稻瘟病对提高全球粮食安全的意义更为重大。此外，我们的详细生命周期评估（LCA）结果表明，与非稻瘟病水稻生产相比，生产稻瘟病水稻对单位水稻的环境影响（化石燃料消耗、生态毒性、致癌物质、富营养化、酸化、全球变暖潜势和臭氧消耗）更低。我们的研究结果表明，通过育种减少稻瘟病将通过增加供应以及降低生产中的价格和环境影响，对减少全球粮食不安全产生显著的积极影响。
Rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) is a key concern in combating global food insecurity given the disease is responsible for approximately 30% of rice production losses globally—the equivalent of feeding 60 million people. These losses increase the global rice price and reduce consumer welfare and food security. Rice is the staple crop for more than half the world’s population so any reduction in rice blast would have substantial beneficial effects on consumer livelihoods. In 2012, researchers in the US began analyzing the feasibility of creating blast-resistant rice through cisgenic breeding. Correspondingly, our study evaluates the changes in producer, consumer, and environmental welfare, if all the rice produced in the Mid-South of the US were blast resistant through a process like cisgenics, using both international trade and environmental assessment modeling. Our results show that US rice producers would gain 69.34 million dollars annually and increase the rice supply to feed an additional one million consumers globally by eliminating blast from production in the Mid-South. These results suggest that blast alleviation could be even more significant in increasing global food security given that the US is a small rice producer by global standards and likely experiences lower losses from blast than other rice-producing countries because of its ongoing investment in production technology and management. Furthermore, results from our detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) show that producing blast-resistant rice has lower environmental (fossil fuel depletion, ecotoxicity, carcinogenics, eutrophication, acidification, global warming potential, and ozone depletion) impacts per unit of rice than non-blast resistant rice production. Our findings suggest that any reduction in blast via breeding will have significantly positive impacts on reducing global food insecurity through increased supply, as well as decreased price and environmental impacts in production.
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01974665
发表时间：
1993-01-01
期刊：
NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
BASTIAANS, L;KROPFF, MJ
通讯作者：
KROPFF, MJ
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
BONMAN, JM;ESTRADA, BA;LEE, EJ
通讯作者：
LEE, EJ
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Qu, SH;Liu, GF;Wang, GL
通讯作者：
Wang, GL
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Bare, Jane;Gloria, Thomas;Norris, Gregory
通讯作者：
Norris, Gregory
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ray DK;Mueller ND;West PC;Foley JA
通讯作者：
Foley JA