13 The Biotrophy–Necrotrophy Switch in Fungal Pathogenesis

13 The Biotrophy–Necrotrophy Switch in Fungal Pathogenesis
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13 真菌发病机制中的生物营养-死体营养转换

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-642-36821-9_13
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Deising HB
Deising HB
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Horbach R;Deising HB

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近年来,越来越多的植物病原真菌已被鉴定为半生物营养型,即,病原体在宿主组织中依次区分活体营养型和坏死营养型菌丝。有趣的是,这些病原体使得在相同遗传背景下在分子水平上分析活体营养和坏死营养生活方式成为可能。生物营养型发育严格依赖于通过掩蔽病原体相关的分子模式或通过分泌有效干扰入侵病原体识别和/或信号转导的效应物来防止植物防御反应的启动。在活体营养菌丝建立后,半活体营养体转变为坏死营养型。导致菌丝形态和生活方式转换的信号迄今尚不清楚,但基本的生理变化与这些变化相关。例如,在界面基质中的活体营养生长期间可用的碳源可能与在杀死的宿主组织上生长期间可用的碳源显著不同,因此,激活了不同底物特异性的糖转运蛋白。此外,随着生活方式的改变,真菌次级代谢发生显着变化,这些变化可能为坏死营养途径铺平道路。本文概述了真菌半生物营养的最新发展和认识。
In recent years, increasing numbers of plant pathogenic fungi have been identified as hemibiotrophs, i.e., pathogens sequentially differentiating biotrophic and necrotrophic hyphae in the host tissue. Interestingly, these pathogens make it possible to analyze biotrophic and necrotrophic lifestyles at the molecular level in the same genetic background. Biotrophic development strictly depends on prevention of initiation of plant defense responses, either by masking pathogen-associated molecular patterns or by secretion of effectors which efficiently interfere with recognition of the invading pathogen and/or signal transduction. After establishment of biotrophic hyphae, hemibiotrophs switch to necrotrophic development. The signal(s) leading to switching of hyphal morphology and lifestyles is/are so far unknown, but fundamental physiological changes are associated with these changes. For example, the carbon sources available during biotrophic growth in the interfacial matrix are probably strikingly different from those available during growth on killed host tissue, and, accordingly, different sets of sugar transporters differing in their substrate specificity are activated. Furthermore, associated with changing lifestyle, dramatic changes in fungal secondary metabolism occur, and these changes probably pave the necrotrophic pathway.This review provides an overview of recent development and understanding of fungal hemibiotrophy.
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