The Temporal Structure of Scientific Consensus Formation.

The Temporal Structure of Scientific Consensus Formation.
复制标题

科学共识形成的时间结构。

DOI:
10.1177/0003122410388488
复制
发表时间:
2010-12-01
影响因子:
9.1
通讯作者:
Bearman PS
Bearman PS
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shwed U;Bearman PS

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

这篇文章探讨了一些通常不清晰的问题:科学辩论呈现出怎样的轨迹,科学界在何时会将一个命题视为事实,以及我们如何得知这一点?我们制定了一种策略来评估相关问题上的科学争论状况。该分析基于拉图尔的黑箱意象,我们在科学引文网络中观察到了这一意象。我们表明,随着共识的形成,内部分歧对整体网络结构的重要性会降低。我们考虑了一些现在已被视为事实的实质性案例,比如吸烟的致癌性和咖啡的非致癌性。然后,我们将同样的分析应用于当前存在争议的案例:手机的疑似致癌性,以及疫苗和自闭症之间的关系。从科学知识的内部结构中提取意义,为对科学进行新的社会学评论开辟了一个细分领域,揭示了科学命题在达成共识的过程中可能经历的轨迹类型。
This article engages with problems that are usually opaque: What trajectories do scientific debates assume, when does a scientific community consider a proposition to be a fact, and how can we know that? We develop a strategy for evaluating the state of scientific contestation on issues. The analysis builds from Latour’s black box imagery, which we observe in scientific citation networks. We show that as consensus forms, the importance of internal divisions to the overall network structure declines. We consider substantive cases that are now considered facts, such as the carcinogenicity of smoking and the non-carcinogenicity of coffee. We then employ the same analysis to currently contested cases: the suspected carcinogenicity of cellular phones, and the relationship between vaccines and autism. Extracting meaning from the internal structure of scientific knowledge carves a niche for renewed sociological commentary on science, revealing a typology of trajectories that scientific propositions may experience en route to consensus.
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq079
发表时间: 2010-06-01
影响因子: 7.7
作者:
Cardis, E.;Deltour, I.;Schoemaker, M. J.
通讯作者: Schoemaker, M. J.
DOI: 10.1177/0306312702032002003
发表时间: 2002-04-01
影响因子: 3
作者:
Collins, HM;Evans, R
通讯作者: Evans, R
DOI: 10.1177/053901847501400602
发表时间: 1975-01-01
影响因子: 1.1
作者:
BOURDIEU, P
通讯作者: BOURDIEU, P
DOI: 10.1177/003803857500900202
发表时间: 1975-01-01
影响因子: 2.9
作者:
COLLINS, HM
通讯作者: COLLINS, HM
DOI: 10.1542/peds.103.1.6
发表时间: 1999-01-01
期刊: PEDIATRICS
影响因子: 8
作者:
Bhutani, VK;Johnson, L;Sivieri, EM
通讯作者: Sivieri, EM