Structural and Functional Motifs in Influenza Virus RNAs.
Structural and Functional Motifs in Influenza Virus RNAs.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2018.00559
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Marquet R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferhadian D;Contrant M;Printz-Schweigert A;Smyth RP;Paillart JC;Marquet R
甲型流感病毒（IAV）是人类和动物中反复发生的流感流行和偶尔发生的毁灭性大流行的原因。它们属于正粘病毒科（Orthomyxoviridae），其基因组由8个不同长度的有义病毒RNA（vRNA）片段组成，编码至少11种病毒蛋白。异源三聚体聚合酶复合物结合到由每个vRNA的13个5′-末端和12个3′-末端核苷酸组成的启动子上，而vRNA的内部部分与病毒核蛋白（NP）的多个拷贝结合，从而形成核糖核蛋白（vRNP）。vRNA的转录和复制分别产生病毒mRNA（vmRNA）和互补RNA（cRNA）。互补RNA是vRNA的精确正拷贝;它们也形成核糖核蛋白（cRNP），并且是vRNA扩增过程中的中间模板。相反，vmRNAs有一个从细胞mRNAs上夺来的5′帽和一个3′ polyA尾，两者都是通过病毒聚合酶复合体获得的。因此，与vRNA和cRNA不同，vmRNA不具有能够募集病毒聚合酶的末端启动子。此外，至少两种病毒蛋白的合成需要vmRNA剪接。除了对病毒启动子结构和功能的广泛分析以及少数（主要是生物信息学）针对vRNA和vmRNA结构的研究之外，甲型流感病毒vRNA、cRNA和vmRNA的结构研究仍处于起步阶段。最近流感聚合酶异源三聚体复合物的晶体结构极大地提高了我们对复制和转录过程的理解。vRNA结构主要在体外使用RNA探测进行研究，但其结构最近已在天然vRNP中使用交联和RNA探测与下一代RNA测序偶联进行研究。关于vmRNAs，大多数研究集中在片段M和NS剪接位点上，最初通过生物信息学分析预测的几种结构现在已经通过实验验证，并且它们在病毒生命周期中的作用得到了证实。本文综述了流感病毒不同RNA类（vRNA、cRNA和vmRNA）的结构基序及其在病毒复制周期中的功能。
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are responsible for recurrent influenza epidemics and occasional devastating pandemics in humans and animals. They belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and their genome consists of eight (-) sense viral RNA (vRNA) segments of different lengths coding for at least 11 viral proteins. A heterotrimeric polymerase complex is bound to the promoter consisting of the 13 5′-terminal and 12 3′-terminal nucleotides of each vRNA, while internal parts of the vRNAs are associated with multiple copies of the viral nucleoprotein (NP), thus forming ribonucleoproteins (vRNP). Transcription and replication of vRNAs result in viral mRNAs (vmRNAs) and complementary RNAs (cRNAs), respectively. Complementary RNAs are the exact positive copies of vRNAs; they also form ribonucleoproteins (cRNPs) and are intermediate templates in the vRNA amplification process. On the contrary, vmRNAs have a 5′ cap snatched from cellular mRNAs and a 3′ polyA tail, both gained by the viral polymerase complex. Hence, unlike vRNAs and cRNAs, vmRNAs do not have a terminal promoter able to recruit the viral polymerase. Furthermore, synthesis of at least two viral proteins requires vmRNA splicing. Except for extensive analysis of the viral promoter structure and function and a few, mostly bioinformatics, studies addressing the vRNA and vmRNA structure, structural studies of the influenza A vRNAs, cRNAs, and vmRNAs are still in their infancy. The recent crystal structures of the influenza polymerase heterotrimeric complex drastically improved our understanding of the replication and transcription processes. The vRNA structure has been mainly studied in vitro using RNA probing, but its structure has been very recently studied within native vRNPs using crosslinking and RNA probing coupled to next generation RNA sequencing. Concerning vmRNAs, most studies focused on the segment M and NS splice sites and several structures initially predicted by bioinformatics analysis have now been validated experimentally and their role in the viral life cycle demonstrated. This review aims to compile the structural motifs found in the different RNA classes (vRNA, cRNA, and vmRNA) of influenza viruses and their function in the viral replication cycle.
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影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Gultyaev, Alexander P.;Heus, Hans A.;Olsthoorn, Rene C. L.
通讯作者：
Olsthoorn, Rene C. L.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.84.22.8140
发表时间：
1987-11-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
HSU, MT;PARVIN, JD;PALESE, P
通讯作者：
PALESE, P
DOI：
10.1038/nrmicro3367
发表时间：
2015-01
期刊：
Nature reviews. Microbiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Eisfeld AJ;Neumann G;Kawaoka Y
通讯作者：
Kawaoka Y
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Hengrung N;El Omari K;Serna Martin I;Vreede FT;Cusack S;Rambo RP;Vonrhein C;Bricogne G;Stuart DI;Grimes JM;Fodor E
通讯作者：
Fodor E
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Gultyaev, Alexander P.;Tsyganov-Bodounov, Anton;Olsthoorn, Rene C. L.
通讯作者：
Olsthoorn, Rene C. L.