Dynamics of neuronal circuits in addiction: reward, antireward, and emotional memory.
Dynamics of neuronal circuits in addiction: reward, antireward, and emotional memory.
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DOI：
10.1055/s-0029-1216356
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发表时间：
2009-05
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Koob GF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koob GF
药物成瘾的概念是慢性的、复发性的、强迫性的药物使用，伴随着大脑享乐系统的显著失调。强迫性药物使用伴随着药物正强化的脑基质功能降低和介导动机性戒断负强化的脑基质的募集。动机性戒断（成瘾的“阴暗面”）的神经基质涉及扩展杏仁核和大脑应激系统的元素的募集，包括促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子和去甲肾上腺素。这些变化，结合减少奖励功能，被假设为持续的形式，形成一个强大的动机背景复发的一个allostatic状态。复吸还涉及基底外侧杏仁核在介导先前与药物寻求和药物动机戒断配对的刺激的动机效应中的关键作用。基底外侧杏仁核通常在调节情绪记忆中起着关键作用。这里的假设是，由药物戒断的动机后果激活的大脑压力系统不仅可以形成驱动药物寻求的负强化的基础，而且还可以增强使情绪状态永久化的联想机制，并帮助驱动成瘾的非稳态状态。
Drug addiction is conceptualized as chronic, relapsing compulsive use of drugs with significant dysregulation of brain hedonic systems. Compulsive drug use is accompanied by decreased function of brain substrates for drug positive reinforcement and recruitment of brain substrates mediating the negative reinforcement of motivational withdrawal. The neural substrates for motivational withdrawal (“dark side” of addiction) involve recruitment of elements of the extended amygdala and the brain stress systems, including corticotropin-releasing factor and norepinephrine. These changes, combined with decreased reward function, are hypothesized to persist in the form of an allostatic state that forms a powerful motivational background for relapse. Relapse also involves a key role for the basolateral amygdala in mediating the motivational effects of stimuli previously paired with drug seeking and drug motivational withdrawal. The basolateral amygdala has a key role in mediating emotional memories in general. The hypothesis argued here is that brain stress systems activated by the motivational consequences of drug withdrawal can not only form the basis for negative reinforcement that drives drug seeking, but also potentiate associative mechanisms that perpetuate the emotional state and help drive the allostatic state of addiction.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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