When is working memory important for arithmetic? The impact of strategy and age.
When is working memory important for arithmetic? The impact of strategy and age.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0188693
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gilmore C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cragg L;Richardson S;Hubber PJ;Keeble S;Gilmore C
我们进行算术运算的能力在很大程度上依赖于工作记忆，即大脑中对信息的处理和维护。先前的研究发现，在成年人中，程序性策略，尤其是数数，比检索策略更依赖于工作记忆。在儿童时期，所采用的策略类型发生了变化，策略执行的准确性和效率也有所提高。因此，工作记忆在算术中的作用似乎也会发生变化，然而，儿童和成人从未被直接比较过。本研究采用传统的双任务方法，并加入控制负荷条件，考察了9-11岁、12-14岁和青年时期不同算术策略的工作记忆需求的变化程度。我们发现，无论儿童和成人选择何种策略，他们在解决算术问题时都会使用工作记忆。这项研究强调了在理解一些儿童和成人在数学方面的困难时考虑工作记忆的重要性，以及将工作记忆纳入数学认知理论模型的必要性。
Our ability to perform arithmetic relies heavily on working memory, the manipulation and maintenance of information in mind. Previous research has found that in adults, procedural strategies, particularly counting, rely on working memory to a greater extent than retrieval strategies. During childhood there are changes in the types of strategies employed, as well as an increase in the accuracy and efficiency of strategy execution. As such it seems likely that the role of working memory in arithmetic may also change, however children and adults have never been directly compared. This study used traditional dual-task methodology, with the addition of a control load condition, to investigate the extent to which working memory requirements for different arithmetic strategies change with age between 9–11 years, 12–14 years and young adulthood. We showed that both children and adults employ working memory when solving arithmetic problems, no matter what strategy they choose. This study highlights the importance of considering working memory in understanding the difficulties that some children and adults have with mathematics, as well as the need to include working memory in theoretical models of mathematical cognition.
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DOI：
10.1179/2047387711y.0000000007
发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
David, Carmen V.
通讯作者：
David, Carmen V.
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Bailey, Drew H.;Littlefield, Andrew;Geary, David C.
通讯作者：
Geary, David C.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Gilmore C;Attridge N;Clayton S;Cragg L;Johnson S;Marlow N;Simms V;Inglis M
通讯作者：
Inglis M
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Chevalier N;Huber KL;Wiebe SA;Espy KA
通讯作者：
Espy KA
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
ASHCRAFT, MH
通讯作者：
ASHCRAFT, MH