Qualitative change in executive control during childhood and adulthood.
Qualitative change in executive control during childhood and adulthood.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2013.02.012
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发表时间：
2013-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Espy KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chevalier N;Huber KL;Wiebe SA;Espy KA
执行控制的发展通常被概念化为由基础过程效率的数量变化引起的。相比之下，本研究通过检查儿童和成人如何检测任务转换来解决质变随年龄变化的可能性。3个年龄组的参与者（5岁和10岁儿童、年轻人）完成了两种条件下的线索任务转换范式，其中任务线索要么单独呈现，要么与过渡线索一起呈现。5岁的孩子对过渡线索的反应更好，而在10岁和成年人身上观察到相反的效果。与5岁的孩子在语义处理线索后发现开关不同，年长的参与者只根据知觉处理来战略性地发现开关。年龄相关的质变促使行政资源随年龄的调整日益优化。
Executive control development typically has been conceptualized to result from quantitative changes in the efficiency of the underlying processes. In contrast, the present study addressed the possibility of qualitative change with age by examining how children and adults detect task switches. Participants in three age groups (5- and 10-year-old children, young adults) completed two conditions of a cued task-switching paradigm where task cues were presented either in isolation or in conjunction with transition cues. Five-year-olds performed better with transition cues, whereas the reverse effect was observed at age 10 and with adults. Unlike 5-year-olds who detect switches after semantically processing cues, older participants strategically detect switches based on perceptual processing only. Age-related qualitative changes promote increasingly optimal adjustment of executive resources with age.
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