Racial and ethnic disparities in sentencing: What do we know, and where should we go?

Racial and ethnic disparities in sentencing: What do we know, and where should we go?
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量刑中的种族和民族差异:我们知道什么,我们应该去哪里?

DOI:
10.1111/hojo.12496
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Veiga A
Veiga A
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Veiga A

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最近政府主导的报告中记录了种族和民族差异的有力证据,表明在判刑方面存在歧视,黑人和少数民族被告被系统地判处比他们的白色同行更严厉的刑罚。然而,我们仍然不知道这些差异是如何产生的,因为大多数量刑研究都依赖于定量设计,专注于记录问题,而不是探索其原因。在这项探索性研究中,我们使用定性访谈与刑法大律师,探讨不同的机制,可能会导致这些差异。从我们的采访中,我们确定了两种主要的因果机制:对减轻和加重因素的不同考虑以及因被告的社会经济背景和过度监管而产生的间接歧视。基于这些研究结果,我们建议有效的策略,如明确列出社会剥夺作为减轻因素的量刑指南和增加司法多样性,以纠正这些差异。
Strong evidence of racial and ethnic disparities has been documented in recent government‐led reports, suggesting the presence of discrimination in sentencing, with Black and ethnic minority defendants being systematically sentenced more harshly than their white counterparts. However, we still do not know how these disparities come about as most of the sentencing research has relied on quantitative designs focused on documenting the problem, rather than exploring its causes. In this exploratory study we use qualitative interviews with criminal law barristers to explore the different mechanisms that may give rise to these disparities. From our interviews we identified two predominant causal mechanisms: the differential consideration of mitigating and aggravating factors and indirect discrimination arising from defendants’ socio‐economic backgrounds and over‐policing. Based on these findings, we suggest effective strategies such as explicitly listing social deprivation as a mitigating factor in the sentencing guidelines and increasing judicial diversity for redressing these disparities.
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