Crossing the western Altiplano: The ecological context of Tiwanaku migrations

Crossing the western Altiplano: The ecological context of Tiwanaku migrations
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穿越高原西部:蒂瓦纳科迁徙的生态背景

DOI:
10.1016/j.jas.2019.105046
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Williams, Patrick Ryan
Williams, Patrick Ryan
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vining, Benjamin;Williams, Patrick Ryan

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流动和移徙是影响文化和社会经济发展的关键进程,对人口和生态安排产生持久影响。然而,这些都是短暂的行为,很难在考古学上重建。在这里,我们采用地理空间的方法来重建流动走廊可能使用的Tiwanaku移民在安第斯中地平线,约。公元500-1000年。前西班牙人的活动依赖于安第斯骆驼的商队。我们重建可能的流动走廊,同时比较成本和渗透率为基础的建模方法。我们进一步使用遥感研究现代生态动态与模型流动走廊。Landsat系列多谱段卫星的图像用于记录绿色植被对季节性和年际湿度变化的反应。我们发现,沿着连接蒂瓦纳库及其太平洋沿岸主要殖民地飞地的走廊,沿着多年生绿色植被土地覆盖量在统计上显着增加。这种多年生的绿色植被为前西班牙大篷车提供了重要的资源。这些数据表明大量移徙与植被增强之间存在关系。我们探讨蒂瓦纳库迁移路线是否部分建立在这种资源的基础上,或者如果现代土地覆盖反映了人类的遗产。
Mobility and migration are critical processes that influence cultural and socio-economic development, and have lasting effects on demographic and ecological arrangements. However, these are ephemeral behaviors which are difficult to reconstruct archaeologically. Here, we employ geospatial approaches to reconstruct mobility corridors likely used by Tiwanaku migrants during the Andean Middle Horizon, ca. AD 500–1000. Prehispanic mobility relied on caravans of Andean camelids. We reconstruct probable mobility corridors while comparing cost- and permeability-based modeling approaches. We further use remote sensing to examine how modern ecological dynamics relate to modeled mobility corridors. Imagery from the Landsat family of multispectral satellites is used to document the response of green vegetation to seasonal and interannual moisture variability. We find that there is a statistically significant increase in the amount of perennially-green vegetation land cover along the corridor linking Tiwanaku with its principal colonial enclaves on the Pacific coast. Such perennially-green vegetation provides a critical resource for prehispanic caravans. The data indicate a relationship between high volumes of migration and enhanced vegetation. We explore whether Tiwanaku migration routes were established in part on the basis of this resource, or if modern land cover reflects an anthropogenic legacy.
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