How does the early life environment influence the oral microbiome and determine oral health outcomes in childhood?
How does the early life environment influence the oral microbiome and determine oral health outcomes in childhood?
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早期生活环境如何影响口腔微生物组并决定儿童口腔健康结果？
DOI：
10.1002/bies.202000314
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发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Austin, Christine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adler, Christina Jane;Cao, Kim-Anh Le;Hughes, Toby;Kumar, Piyush;Austin, Christine
生命的前1000天，从受孕到两岁，是环境暴露对终身健康轨迹影响的关键窗口。这一时期对于口腔微生物组的组装也是至关重要的，口腔微生物组是龋齿（腐烂）和牙周病的前兆，这两种疾病是世界上最普遍的微生物引起的疾病。虽然已知人类微生物组易受环境暴露的影响，但对产前和幼儿期暴露对口腔微生物组轨迹的影响的了解有限。我们假设生命早期的环境暴露会改变口腔微生物组的获得和成熟，并介导儿童时期的口腔健康结果。为了验证这一点，需要进行大规模的研究，将早期生活暴露，微生物组轨迹和龋齿发展联系起来。一个障碍是缺乏直接测量胎儿“代谢组”的技术，其中包括穿过胎盘的数千种营养和有毒物质。另一个障碍是缺乏统计方法来解释由组学测定产生的高维数据。通过确定哪些早期生活环境暴露会影响口腔微生物组并改变口腔健康，研究结果可以转化为干预措施，以减少蛀牙的患病率。
The first 1000 days of life, from conception to two years, are a critical window for the influence of environmental exposures on lifelong health trajectories. This period is also critical to the assembly of the oral microbiome, which is the precursor to dental caries (decay) and periodontal disease, two of the most prevalent microbially induced disorders worldwide. While it is known that the human microbiome is susceptible to environmental exposures, there is limited understanding of the impact of prenatal and early childhood exposures on the oral microbiome trajectory. We hypothesise that environmental exposures during early life alter the acquisition and maturation of the oral microbiome and mediate oral health outcomes in childhood. To test this, large-scale studies are required, linking early life exposures, microbiome trajectories and caries development. A barrier has been the lack of technology to directly measure the foetal ‘exposome’, which includes thousands of nutritional and toxic exposures that cross the placenta. Another barrier has been the lack of statistical methods to account for the high dimensional data generated by –omic assays. Through identifying which early life environmental exposures influence the oral microbiome and modify oral health, findings can be translated into interventions to reduce dental decay prevalence.
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