Endogenous Human Retroviruses

Endogenous Human Retroviruses
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内源性人类逆转录病毒

DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4899-1730-0_9
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发表时间:
1994
期刊:
Biochimica et biophysica acta
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
J. Leong
J. Leong
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
D. Wilkinson;D. Mager;J. Leong

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所有真核生物的基因组都含有多个 DNA 序列拷贝,这些序列与传染性逆转录病毒中发现的序列相关(有关综述,请参见 Coffin,1984;Garfinkel,1992)。这些元件作为稳定的孟德尔基因通过种系传播,但它们表现出与传染性外源逆转录病毒的结构和序列相似性。正是这些相似性使得研究人员推测内源性逆转录病毒是先前感染外源性逆转录病毒的残余物,并且随着进化时间的推移,发生了变化,使它们不再具有传染性或致病性。这些推测得到了实验研究的支持,实验研究表明传染性外源逆转录病毒的基因组可以整合到宿主染色体中并通过种系遗传。由于逆转录病毒被认为是从逆转录转座子进化而来的(Temin,1980,1992),因此一些内源性逆转录病毒相关序列实际上也可能是感染形式的前体。无论哪种情况,一旦它们成为宿主基因组的一部分,这些原病毒就可以作为遗传物质库,外源病毒可以利用它们来产生具有改变的宿主特异性和表型的变体;它们可以编码竞争或补充反式逆转录病毒功能的基因产物;它们本身可以作为插入诱变剂来改变宿主基因的调节。
The genomes of all eukaryotes contain multiple copies of DNA sequences that are related to sequences found in infectious retroviruses (for review, see Coffin, 1984; Garfinkel, 1992). These elements are transmitted through the germ line as stable Mendelian genes, yet they exhibit structural and sequence similarities to infectious exogenous retroviruses. It is these similarities that have led investigators to speculate that endogenous retroviruses are remnants of prior infections with exogenous retroviral agents and, with evolutionary time, changes have occurred to make them no longer infectious or pathogenic. These speculations have been supported with experimental studies that show that the genomes of infectious, exogenous retroviruses can integrate into the host chromosome and be inherited through the germ line. Since retroviruses are thought to have evolved from retrotransposons (Temin, 1980, 1992), it is also possible that some endogenous retrovirus-related sequences are actually precursors of infectious forms. In either case, once they are part of the host genome, these proviruses can serve as a pool of genetic material that exogenous viruses can use to produce variants with altered host specificities and phenotypes; they can encode gene products that compete for or complement in trans retrovirus function(s); and they can, themselves, act as insertional mutagens to change the regulation of host genes.
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DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.6.2669
发表时间: 1984
影响因子: 14.9
作者:
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作者:
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发表时间: 1991
影响因子: 3.1
作者:
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1985
期刊: The Journal of biological chemistry
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: Maeda,N