Transcription factor NF-κB is modulated by symbiotic status in a sea anemone model of cnidarian bleaching.
Transcription factor NF-κB is modulated by symbiotic status in a sea anemone model of cnidarian bleaching.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-017-16168-w
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发表时间：
2017-11-22
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Gilmore TD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mansfield KM;Carter NM;Nguyen L;Cleves PA;Alshanbayeva A;Williams LM;Crowder C;Penvose AR;Finnerty JR;Weis VM;Siggers TW;Gilmore TD
Transcription factor NF-κB plays a central role in immunity from fruit flies to humans, and NF-κB activity is altered in many human diseases. To investigate a role for NF-κB in immunity and disease on a broader evolutionary scale we have characterized NF-κB in a sea anemone (Exaiptasia pallida; called Aiptasia herein) model for cnidarian symbiosis and dysbiosis (i.e., “bleaching”). We show that the DNA-binding site specificity of Aiptasia NF-κB is similar to NF-κB proteins from a broad expanse of organisms. Analyses of NF-κB and IκB kinase proteins from Aiptasia suggest that non-canonical NF-κB processing is an evolutionarily ancient pathway, which can be reconstituted in human cells. In Aiptasia, NF-κB protein levels, DNA-binding activity, and tissue expression increase when loss of the algal symbiont Symbiodinium is induced by heat or chemical treatment. Kinetic analysis of NF-κB levels following loss of symbiosis show that NF-κB levels increase only after Symbiodinium is cleared. Moreover, introduction of Symbiodinium into naïve Aiptasia larvae results in a decrease in NF-κB expression. Our results suggest that Symbiodinium suppresses NF-κB in order to enable establishment of symbiosis in Aiptasia. These results are the first to demonstrate a link between changes in the conserved immune regulatory protein NF-κB and cnidarian symbiotic status.
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