Brain activity underlying American crow processing of encounters with dead conspecifics.
Brain activity underlying American crow processing of encounters with dead conspecifics.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112546
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发表时间：
2020-05-15
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Cross, Donna J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Swift, Kaeli N.;Marzluff, John M.;Templeton, Christopher N.;Shimizu, Toru;Cross, Donna J.
关键词：
动物利用各种听觉和视觉线索在恐惧的场景中导航。对于包括乌鸦在内的一些物种来说，死亡的同种生物似乎就像是危险的视觉提示，并通过出席同种生物来及时发出警报。到目前为止，大脑中哪些区域调节对死亡的同种特定物质的反应，以及这与其他威胁相比如何，还只是推测。利用18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描(FDG-PET)，我们对比了美洲乌鸦大脑中五个先验区域：海马区、尾侧核、纹状体、杏仁核和隔区对与死亡同种相关的视觉和听觉线索的代谢反应。使用重复测量、完全平衡的方法，我们将乌鸦暴露在四种刺激下：一只死的同种、一只死的歌雀(Melospiza Melodia)、对一只死乌鸦发出的同种警报叫声和同种食物乞讨叫声。我们发现，在观察到一只死乌鸦时，乌鸦在与更高级别决策(NCL)相关的区域显示出显著的活动，但在与社会行为或恐惧学习相关的区域没有表现出显著的活跃。我们没有发现在听到警报叫声和乞讨食物叫声之间的激活有很大的区别；两者都激活了NCL。最后，反复暴露在负面刺激下，对受试者后来对控制刺激的反应增加大脑活动的影响微乎其微，这表明乌鸦可能很快就会从负面经验中学习。
Animals utilize a variety of auditory and visual cues to navigate the landscape of fear. For some species, including corvids, dead conspecifics appear to act as one such visual cue of danger, and prompt alarm calling by attending conspecifics. Which brain regions mediate responses to dead conspecifics, and how this compares to other threats, has so far only been speculative. Using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) we contrast the metabolic response to visual and auditory cues associated with a dead conspecific among five a priori selected regions in the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) brain: the hippocampus, nidopallium caudolaterale, striatum, amygdala, and the septum. Using a repeated-measures, fully balanced approach, we exposed crows to four stimuli: a dead conspecific, a dead song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), conspecific alarm calls given in response to a dead crow, and conspecific food begging calls. We find that in response to observations of a dead crow, crows show significant activity in areas associated with higher-order decision-making (NCL), but not in areas associated with social behaviors or fear learning. We do not find strong differences in activation between hearing alarm calls and food begging calls; both activate the NCL. Lastly, repeated exposures to negative stimuli had a marginal effect on later increasing the subjects’ brain activity in response to control stimuli, suggesting that crows might quickly learn from negative experiences.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Arch VS;Narins PM
通讯作者：
Narins PM
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
LaBar, KS;Gatenby, JC;Phelps, EA
通讯作者：
Phelps, EA
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Davidson, RJ
通讯作者：
Davidson, RJ
影响因子：
10.1
作者：
Keesing, F
通讯作者：
Keesing, F
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Iglesias, T. L.;McElreath, R.;Patricelli, G. L.
通讯作者：
Patricelli, G. L.