The role of innate immunity receptors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
The role of innate immunity receptors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
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DOI：
10.1155/2015/936193
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
de Souza HS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elia PP;Tolentino YF;Bernardazzi C;de Souza HS
先天免疫构成了第一道防线，是识别和启动针对微生物的炎症反应的基础。先天免疫应答依赖于通过toll样受体（TLRs）和核苷酸寡聚化结构域（NOD-）样受体（NLRs）等特殊结构对微生物相关分子模式的感知。在肠道中，这些任务是由上皮屏障以及适应性和先天免疫机制完成的。tlr和nlr分布于整个胃肠道粘膜，在上皮、固有层免疫和非免疫细胞中表达较多。这些先天免疫受体表现出互补的生物学功能，有证据表明通路重叠。然而，由于耐受性是胃肠道粘膜的主要生理反应，tlr似乎相对下调，而nlr在肠道粘膜防御中发挥关键作用。在过去的二十年中，遗传多态性与包括炎症性肠病在内的几种疾病有关。特别强调了与NOD2和NLRP3/炎性体异常相关的克罗恩病易感性。然而，导致炎症性肠病中持续炎症的先天免疫受体功能障碍的机制仍有待阐明。
Innate immunity constitutes the first line of defense, fundamental for the recognition and the initiation of an inflammatory response against microorganisms. The innate immune response relies on the sensing of microbial-associated molecular patterns through specialized structures such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the nucleotide oligomerization domain- (NOD-) like receptors (NLRs). In the gut, these tasks are performed by the epithelial barrier and the presence of adaptive and innate immune mechanisms. TLRs and NLRs are distributed throughout the gastrointestinal mucosa, being more expressed in the epithelium, and in lamina propria immune and nonimmune cells. These innate immunity receptors exhibit complementary biological functions, with evidence for pathways overlapping. However, as tolerance is the predominant physiological response in the gastrointestinal mucosa, it appears that the TLRs are relatively downregulated, while NLRs play a critical role in mucosal defense in the gut. Over the past two decades, genetic polymorphisms have been associated with several diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. Special emphasis has been given to the susceptibility to Crohn's disease, in association with abnormalities in the NOD2 and in the NLRP3/inflammasome. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying innate immune receptors dysfunction that result in the persistent inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease remain to be clarified.
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影响因子：
7.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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