Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID-19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review.
Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID-19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph18073432
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发表时间：
2021-03-26
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lassi ZS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meherali S;Punjani N;Louie-Poon S;Abdul Rahim K;Das JK;Salam RA;Lassi ZS
背景：新冠疫情以及相关的公共卫生措施扰乱了世界各地人们的生活。已经很明显的是，新冠疫情的直接和间接心理及社会影响是隐匿的，并且现在和将来都会影响幼儿及青少年的心理健康。这项知识综合研究的目的是确定疫情对儿童和青少年心理健康的影响，并评估以往及当前疫情期间采用的不同干预措施对促进儿童和青少年心理健康的有效性。
方法：我们根据系统综述和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行了系统综述，纳入了实验性随机和非随机对照试验、观察性研究以及定性研究。
结果：在我们检索到的5828篇文章中，有18篇符合纳入标准。我们对它们进行了主题分析，并将主要发现归类到疫情对儿童和青少年心理健康影响的主题领域下。这些研究报告称，疫情导致儿童和青少年出现压力、担忧、无助以及社会和危险行为问题（例如，药物滥用、自杀、人际关系问题、学业问题以及旷工）。基于艺术的项目、支持服务以及临床医生主导的心理健康和社会心理服务等干预措施有效地减少了儿童和青少年的心理健康问题。
结论：儿童和青少年在疫情期间和之后更有可能出现较高的抑郁和焦虑发生率。未来的研究人员探索针对儿童和青少年需求的有效心理健康策略至关重要。探索有关开发和提供基于证据的、适合年龄的服务的有效渠道，对于减轻影响以及提高儿童和青少年心理健康服务的长期能力至关重要。
关键从业者信息：新冠疫情的身体限制和社交距离措施影响了生活的方方面面。虽然受该疾病影响的儿童和青少年数量较少，但该疾病以及诸如社交距离、学校关闭和隔离等防控措施对儿童和青少年的心理健康和幸福产生了负面影响。新冠疫情对儿童和青少年心理健康的影响备受关注。焦虑、抑郁、睡眠和食欲紊乱以及社交互动障碍是最常见的表现。有研究表明，与成年人相比，此次疫情可能会继续对儿童和青少年的心理健康产生更长期的不良后果。随着疫情的持续，监测对儿童和青少年心理健康状况的影响以及如何帮助他们在当前或未来疫情期间改善心理健康结果是很重要的。
Background: The COVID‑19 pandemic and associated public health measures have disrupted the lives of people around the world. It is already evident that the direct and indirect psychological and social effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic are insidious and affect the mental health of young children and adolescents now and will in the future. The aim and objectives of this knowledge-synthesis study were to identify the impact of the pandemic on children’s and adolescent’s mental health and to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions employed during previous and the current pandemic to promote children’s and adolescents’ mental health. Methodology: We conducted the systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included experimental randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, observational studies, and qualitative studies. Results: Of the 5828 articles that we retrieved, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. We thematically analyzed them and put the major findings under the thematic areas of impact of the pandemic on children’s and adolescents’ mental health. These studies reported that pandemics cause stress, worry, helplessness, and social and risky behavioral problems among children and adolescents (e.g., substance abuse, suicide, relationship problems, academic issues, and absenteeism from work). Interventions such as art-based programs, support services, and clinician-led mental health and psychosocial services effectively decrease mental health issues among children and adolescents. Conclusion: Children and adolescents are more likely to experience high rates of depression and anxiety during and after a pandemic. It is critical that future researchers explore effective mental health strategies that are tailored to the needs of children and adolescents. Explorations of effective channels regarding the development and delivery of evidenced-based, age-appropriate services are vital to lessen the effects and improve long-term capacities for mental health services for children and adolescents. Key Practitioner Message: The COVID-19 pandemic’s physical restrictions and social distancing measures have affected each and every domain of life. Although the number of children and adolescents affected by the disease is small, the disease and the containment measures such as social distancing, school closure, and isolation have negatively impacted the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and adolescents is of great concern. Anxiety, depression, disturbances in sleep and appetite, as well as impairment in social interactions are the most common presentations. It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children’s and adolescents’ mental health. As the pandemic continues, it is important to monitor the impact on children’s and adolescents’ mental health status and how to help them to improve their mental health outcomes in the time of the current or future pandemics.
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