Lower Tropospheric Processes: A Control on the Global Mean Precipitation Rate

Lower Tropospheric Processes: A Control on the Global Mean Precipitation Rate
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对流层低层过程:对全球平均降水率的控制

DOI:
10.1029/2020gl091169
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Caldwell, Peter M.
Caldwell, Peter M.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hendrickson, Jacob M.;Terai, Christopher R.;Pritchard, Michael S.;Caldwell, Peter M.

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利用地表蒸发和能量收支的互补视角,在两个组合中探讨了全球平均降水在气候模式中的分布。全球平均降水量较高的模式在干燥的近地表空气的驱动下具有更强的海洋蒸发。在925 hPa的近地表温度和湿度增加的同时,出现了更干燥的地表条件,这表明边界层混合更强。相关表明对流层低层混合的程度解释了模式间降水变化的18%-49%。为了验证这一假设,在单一模式实验中,通过调节控制低云部分的相对湿度阈值,间接改变混合程度。事实上,对流层低层混合的增加导致全球平均降水增加。在能量上,降水率的增加与地表下沉长波辐射的增加和感热通量的减弱有关。这些结果强调了如何更好地约束低对流层过程,以减少气候模式之间的降水差异。
The spread in global mean precipitation among climate models is explored in two ensembles using the complementary perspectives of surface evaporation and energy budgets. Models with higher global mean precipitation have stronger oceanic evaporation, driven by drier near‐surface air. The drier surface conditions occur alongside increases in near‐surface temperature and moisture at 925 hPa, which point to stronger boundary layer mixing. Correlations suggest that the degree of lower tropospheric mixing explains 18%–49% of the intermodel precipitation variance. To test this hypothesis, the degree of mixing is indirectly varied in a single‐model experiment by adjusting the relative humidity threshold that controls low‐cloud fraction. Indeed, increasing lower tropospheric mixing results in more global mean precipitation. Energetically, increased precipitation rates are associated with more downwelling longwave radiation to the surface and weaker sensible heat fluxes. These results highlight how lower‐tropospheric processes must be better constrained to reduce the precipitation discrepancy among climate models.
空气湿度对海洋表面温度的控制,是解开暖偏差之谜的关键
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