Vaccination, human mobility, and COVID-19 health outcomes: Empirical comparison before and during the outbreak of SARS-Cov-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant.
Vaccination, human mobility, and COVID-19 health outcomes: Empirical comparison before and during the outbreak of SARS-Cov-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.056
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发表时间：
2023-08-07
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Wang, Xuqiu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Songhua;Xiong, Chenfeng;Zhao, Yingrui;Yuan, Xin;Wang, Xuqiu
B.1.1.529（Omicron）变种病毒激增，引发了人们对疫苗有效性和轻率重启影响的担忧。利用美国两年多的县级COVID-19数据，本研究旨在调查疫苗接种、人员流动和COVID-19健康结果（通过病例率和病死率评估）之间的关系，控制社会经济、人口统计、种族/民族和党派因素。首先拟合了一组横截面模型，以实证方式比较Omicron激增之前和期间COVID-19健康结果的差异。然后，采用时变中介分析来描述疫苗和流动性对COVID-19健康结果的影响如何随时间变化。结果表明，疫苗对病例率的有效性在奥密克隆激增期间失去了意义，而其对病例死亡率的有效性在整个大流行期间仍然显着。我们还记录了COVID-19相关结果的显著结构性不平等，尽管疫苗接种率很高，但弱势群体始终在病例和死亡人数中首当其冲。最后，研究结果显示，在每一波变异爆发期间，流动性与病例率呈显著正相关。流动性实质上介导了疫苗接种对病例率的直接影响，导致疫苗有效性平均下降10.276%（95%CI：6.257，14.294）。总而言之，我们的研究意味着需要重新审视仅仅依靠疫苗接种来阻止COVID-19的做法。为加强疫苗效力、减少健康差距和有选择地放松非药物干预措施而作出的资源充足和协调一致的努力，对于结束这一流行病至关重要。
The B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant surge has raised concerns about the effectiveness of vaccines and the impact of imprudent reopening. Leveraging over two years of county-level COVID-19 data in the US, this study aims to investigate relationships among vaccination, human mobility, and COVID-19 health outcomes (assessed via case rate and case-fatality rate), controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, racial/ethnic, and partisan factors. A set of cross-sectional models was first fitted to empirically compare disparities in COVID-19 health outcomes before and during the Omicron surge. Then, time-varying mediation analyses were employed to delineate how the effects of vaccine and mobility on COVID-19 health outcomes vary over time. Results showed that vaccine effectiveness against case rate lost significance during the Omicron surge, while its effectiveness against case-fatality rate remained significant throughout the pandemic. We also documented salient structural inequalities in COVID-19-related outcomes, with disadvantaged populations consistently bearing a larger brunt of case and death tolls, regardless of high vaccination rates. Last, findings revealed that mobility presented a significantly positive relationship with case rates during each wave of variant outbreak. Mobility substantially mediated the direct effect from vaccination to case rate, leading to a 10.276 % (95 % CI: 6.257, 14.294) decrease in vaccine effectiveness on average. Altogether, our study implies that sole reliance on vaccination to halt COVID-19 needs to be re-examined. Well-resourced and coordinated efforts to enhance vaccine effectiveness, mitigate health disparity and selectively loosen non-pharmaceutical interventions are essential to bringing the pandemic to an end.
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DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa2119451
发表时间：
2022-04-21
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
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3.7
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10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113638
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Social science & medicine (1982)
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11.7
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
Transportation research. Part C, Emerging technologies
影响因子：
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