Early Life Stress and Risks for Opioid Misuse: Review of Data Supporting Neurobiological Underpinnings.
Early Life Stress and Risks for Opioid Misuse: Review of Data Supporting Neurobiological Underpinnings.
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DOI：
10.3390/jpm11040315
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发表时间：
2021-04-19
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Storr CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oswald LM;Dunn KE;Seminowicz DA;Storr CL
大量研究表明，在儿童时期神经元可塑性高的关键发育期发生的创伤经历会增加成年后一系列身心健康问题的风险，包括物质使用障碍。然而，直到最近，相对较少的研究专门研究了早期生活压力（ELS）和阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）之间的关系。与阿片类药物使用开始，注射药物使用，过量和治疗效果差的关联现已得到证实。在啮齿类动物中，ELS也被证明可以增加阿片类药物的欣快和减少抗伤害作用，但对人类的这些过程或可能构成这些关系的神经生物学机制知之甚少。本综述旨在建立一个理论模型，强调ELS可能改变阿片类药物敏感性的机制，从而增加OUD的未来风险。ELS引起的中皮质边缘脑回路，内源性阿片和多巴胺神经递质系统的改变。有限的，但挑衅性的证据与阿片类药物的敏感性和OUD的风险，这些变化。总的来说，研究结果表明，更好地了解这些机制有望降低脆弱性，改善预防策略，并为高危人群制定指导方针。
A robust body of research has shown that traumatic experiences occurring during critical developmental periods of childhood when neuronal plasticity is high increase risks for a spectrum of physical and mental health problems in adulthood, including substance use disorders. However, until recently, relatively few studies had specifically examined the relationships between early life stress (ELS) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Associations with opioid use initiation, injection drug use, overdose, and poor treatment outcome have now been demonstrated. In rodents, ELS has also been shown to increase the euphoric and decrease antinociceptive effects of opioids, but little is known about these processes in humans or about the neurobiological mechanisms that may underlie these relationships. This review aims to establish a theoretical model that highlights the mechanisms by which ELS may alter opioid sensitivity, thereby contributing to future risks for OUD. Alterations induced by ELS in mesocorticolimbic brain circuits, and endogenous opioid and dopamine neurotransmitter systems are described. The limited but provocative evidence linking these alterations with opioid sensitivity and risks for OUD is presented. Overall, the findings suggest that better understanding of these mechanisms holds promise for reducing vulnerability, improving prevention strategies, and prescribing guidelines for high-risk individuals.
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