Impact of early life adversity on reward processing in young adults: EEG-fMRI results from a prospective study over 25 years.
Impact of early life adversity on reward processing in young adults: EEG-fMRI results from a prospective study over 25 years.
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早期逆境对年轻人奖励加工的影响：EEG-FMRI是由25年以上的一项前瞻性研究引起的。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0104185
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Laucht M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boecker R;Holz NE;Buchmann AF;Blomeyer D;Plichta MM;Wolf I;Baumeister S;Meyer-Lindenberg A;Banaschewski T;Brandeis D;Laucht M
有几条证据表明，中脑边缘多巴胺奖赏通路与暴露在早期逆境中导致的大脑功能改变有关。本研究考察了早期生活逆境对晚年神经元奖赏加工的不同阶段的影响，以及它们与相关的行为表型，即注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)的关系。来自流行病学队列研究的162名健康的年轻成年人(平均年龄 = 24.4岁，其中58%为女性)从出生起就参与了一项同时进行的脑电-功能磁共振研究，采用金钱激励延迟任务。根据早期家庭逆境指数(EFA)的早期生活逆境和终生ADHD症状分别在子女3个月大和2至15岁之间通过标准化的父母访谈进行评估。FMRI感兴趣区分析显示，EFA在奖赏相关区域(如腹侧纹状体、壳核、丘脑)的奖赏预期中具有显著的作用，表明当EFA增加时，激活程度降低。脑电分析显示，伴随负变异(CNV)也有类似的影响，CNV随EFA水平的升高而减小。相反，在奖赏发放过程中，双侧脑岛、右侧苍白球和双侧壳核的激活随着全民教育的增加而增加。终生ADHD症状与奖赏期待时左侧腹侧纹状体较低的激活和给予奖赏时右侧脑岛的较高激活显著相关。目前的研究结果表明，早期生活逆境对奖赏加工的长期影响不同，这意味着在奖赏预期中的低反应和在收到奖赏时的高反应。此外，与终生ADHD相关的类似激活模式表明，早期生活应激对ADHD的影响可能是通过功能失调的奖励途径来调节的。
Several lines of evidence have implicated the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway in altered brain function resulting from exposure to early adversity. The present study examined the impact of early life adversity on different stages of neuronal reward processing later in life and their association with a related behavioral phenotype, i.e. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 162 healthy young adults (mean age = 24.4 years; 58% female) from an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth participated in a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study using a monetary incentive delay task. Early life adversity according to an early family adversity index (EFA) and lifetime ADHD symptoms were assessed using standardized parent interviews conducted at the offspring's age of 3 months and between 2 and 15 years, respectively. fMRI region-of-interest analysis revealed a significant effect of EFA during reward anticipation in reward-related areas (i.e. ventral striatum, putamen, thalamus), indicating decreased activation when EFA increased. EEG analysis demonstrated a similar effect for the contingent negative variation (CNV), with the CNV decreasing with the level of EFA. In contrast, during reward delivery, activation of the bilateral insula, right pallidum and bilateral putamen increased with EFA. There was a significant association of lifetime ADHD symptoms with lower activation in the left ventral striatum during reward anticipation and higher activation in the right insula during reward delivery. The present findings indicate a differential long-term impact of early life adversity on reward processing, implicating hyporesponsiveness during reward anticipation and hyperresponsiveness when receiving a reward. Moreover, a similar activation pattern related to lifetime ADHD suggests that the impact of early life stress on ADHD may possibly be mediated by a dysfunctional reward pathway.
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