Presence of sodefrin precursor-like factor pheromone candidates in mental and dorsal tail base glands in the plethodontid salamander, Karsenia koreana.
Presence of sodefrin precursor-like factor pheromone candidates in mental and dorsal tail base glands in the plethodontid salamander, Karsenia koreana.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0289296
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plethodontid蝾螈以其独特的求偶仪式和相关的信息素信号而闻名。然而，很少有人知道的信息素中产生的孤独的亚洲plethodontid种Karsenia koreana。在这里，我们研究的定位模式的sodefrin类趋化因子（SPF）信息素系统的蛋白质在K。朝鲜语。利用从另一种plethodontid，Desmognathus ocoee的SPF蛋白产生的抗体，我们测试了K.通过免疫组织化学方法观察到朝鲜雄性的颏腺和两种类型的尾背基腺-尾侧求偶腺和背侧颗粒腺。SPF免疫反应检测到已知的求偶腺，颏腺，以及颗粒腺，但没有在尾部求偶腺。由于免疫反应的特异性，我们假设SPF系统的蛋白质在K。koreana和D. ocoee在结构和功能上是相关的，并被用作K.朝鲜语。此外，我们假设K。koreana雄性在跨尾行走期间通过背侧颗粒腺将SPF传递给雌性。最后，K。朝鲜雄性尾侧求偶腺可能产生SPF蛋白，但我们的SPF抗体无法识别，或者这些腺体在求偶中发挥的作用可能与预期不同。
Plethodontid salamanders are well known for their distinct courtship rituals and the associated pheromonal signaling. However, little is known about pheromones produced in the lone Asian plethodontid species Karsenia koreana. Here, we examined the localization patterns of proteins of the sodefrin precursor-like factor (SPF) pheromone system in K. koreana. Using an antibody generated against SPF proteins from another plethodontid, Desmognathus ocoee, we tested three types of skin glands in K. koreana males via immunohistochemistry: the mental gland and two types of dorsal tail base glands–caudal courtship glands and dorsal granular glands. SPF immunoreactivity was detected in the known courtship gland, the mental gland, as well as granular glands, but not in caudal courtship glands. Due to immunoreaction specificity, we hypothesize the proteins of the SPF system in K. koreana and D. ocoee are structurally and functionally related and are used as courtship pheromones in K. koreana. Also, we hypothesize that K. koreana males transmit SPF to the female during the tail-straddling walk via dorsal granular glands. Finally, K. koreana male caudal courtship glands may be producing SPF proteins that are not recognized by our SPF antibody or these glands may play a different role in courtship than anticipated.
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