People-centered disaster recovery: A comparison of long-term outcomes of housing reconstruction in Thailand, India, and Japan
People-centered disaster recovery: A comparison of long-term outcomes of housing reconstruction in Thailand, India, and Japan
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以人为本的灾后恢复：泰国、印度和日本住房重建长期成果的比较
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103234
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Sararit Titaya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maly Elizabeth;Vahanvati Mittul;Sararit Titaya
虽然学者们认识到长期恢复成果对减少灾害风险和增强社区权能的重要性，但即使在关于长期住房恢复的有限研究中，对多个重建项目进行跨国和时间比较的情况也很少见。本文通过系统的文献回顾和案例研究方法，探讨了两个灾后住房重建项目的案例研究，每个项目来自亚洲三个国家-印度，泰国和日本。这些案例是2001年印度古吉拉特邦地震和2008年比哈尔邦科西河洪水、2004年印度洋海啸和2014年泰国清莱清莱地震、1995年日本坂神淡路（科比）大地震和2011年东日本大地震和海啸后的灾后住房重建。对各个案例的比较发现，每个国家既有变化，也有一致性。对重建政策、方案和治理体系的分析得出了几个关键结论，确定了在这三个国家在社会、经济、技术和环境方面产生有益的长期成果的住房重建进程。与日本政府推动的住房恢复方案不同，印度和泰国的住房恢复方案包括民间社会组织的重要支持，这些组织与政府的官方支持相结合，并对政府的官方支持起到补充作用。民间社会组织能够将政府政策转化为实践，以日益以人为本的方式满足社区需求，因此在提供所需住房单元等方面发挥了重要作用，促进提高住房恢复选择的灵活性，填补了政府与人民需求之间的中介空白。
Although scholars recognize the importance of long-term recovery outcomes for disaster risk reduction and community empowerment, even within the limited research on long-term housing recovery, cross-national and temporal comparisons of multiple reconstruction projects are rare. Drawing on a systematic literature review and case-study approach, this paper explores two case studies of post-disaster housing reconstruction projects, each from three countries in Asia-- India, Thailand, and Japan. The cases are post-disaster housing reconstruction after the 2001 Gujarat Earthquake and 2008 Kosi River floods in Bihar in India, the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and 2014 Chiang Rai Earthquake in Thailand, and the 1995 Great Hanshin Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake and 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan. Comparisons across cases found consistency as well as change in each country. Analysis of reconstruction policies, programs, and governance systems led to several key findings, identifying housing reconstruction processes that led to beneficial longer-term outcomes in social, economic, technical and environmental aspects in the three countries. In contrast to government-driven housing recovery programs in Japan, housing recovery programs in both India and Thailand included crucial support from Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) integrated with and complementing official support from the government. Able to translate government policies into practice in ways that community needs could be met in increasingly people-centered ways, CSOs played significant roles in the provision of needed housing units and beyond, in facilitating increased flexibility of housing recovery options, filling gaps as an intermediary between the government and the needs of the people.
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