The Role of Within-Category Variability in Category-Based Induction: A Developmental Study

The Role of Within-Category Variability in Category-Based Induction: A Developmental Study
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类别内变异在基于类别的归纳中的作用:一项发展研究

DOI:
10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01137.x
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发表时间:
2010
期刊:
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Daniel Brickman
Daniel Brickman
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
M. Rhodes;Daniel Brickman

文献摘要

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本研究检验了一种假设,即关于类别内同质性的强烈假设阻碍了儿童对不同证据样本的归纳价值的认识。在研究1a中,儿童(7岁)和成人被随机分配到强调类内可变性的素数,强调类内相似性的素数,或不接受素数。只有在变异性素数之后,儿童才表现出可靠的偏好来评估多样性样本而不是非多样性样本,以确定是否支持对整个类别的概括。成年人在所有条件下都表现出对不同样本的强烈偏好。这些影响超出了质数中包含的特定类别,也扩展到了多种类型的测试题。研究1b表明,启动的可变性导致儿童只有在这样做是为了诱导提供信息时才选择不同的样本。对概念开发的影响进行了讨论。
The present studies tested the hypothesis that strong assumptions about within-category homogeneity impede children's recognition of the inductive value of diverse samples of evidence. In Study 1a, children (7-year-olds) and adults were randomly assigned to receive a prime emphasizing within-category variability, a prime emphasizing within-category similarities, or to not receive a prime. Only following the variability prime, children demonstrated a reliable preference for evaluating diverse over nondiverse samples to determine whether there is support for a category-wide generalization. Adults demonstrated a robust preference for diverse samples in all conditions. These effects extended beyond the specific categories included in the prime, as well as to multiple types of test questions. Study 1b demonstrated that priming variability leads children to select diverse samples only when doing so is informative for induction. Implications for conceptual development are discussed.
儿童在学习、教学和发现中对样本构成的关注。
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00896.x
发表时间: 2010
影响因子: 3.7
作者:
Rhodes,Marjorie;Gelman,SusanA;Brickman,Daniel
通讯作者: Brickman,Daniel
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01188.x
发表时间: 2008-09
期刊: Child development
影响因子: 4.6
作者:
M. Rhodes;S. Gelman
通讯作者: M. Rhodes;S. Gelman
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01681.x
发表时间: 1992-10-01
期刊: CHILD DEVELOPMENT
影响因子: 4.6
作者:
LOPEZ, A;GELMAN, SA;SMITH, EE
通讯作者: SMITH, EE
专业知识和基于类别的归纳。
DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.26.4.811
发表时间: 2000
期刊: Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子: --
作者:
Proffitt,JB;Coley,JD;Medin,DL
通讯作者: Medin,DL