Toddlers prefer those who win but not when they win by force.

Toddlers prefer those who win but not when they win by force.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41562-018-0415-3
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发表时间:
2018-09
影响因子:
29.9
通讯作者:
Sarnecka BW
Sarnecka BW
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Thomas AJ;Thomsen L;Lukowski AF;Abramyan M;Sarnecka BW

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社会等级制度发生在人类社会中,因此所有人都必须驾驭它们。婴儿可以察觉到一个人的地位何时高于另一个人,但尚不清楚他们是否根据自己的社会地位接近其他人。这篇论文介绍了一系列的七个实验,调查幼儿是否更喜欢排名较高或排名较低的个体。21-31个月大的学步儿童观看了两个木偶之间的零和路权冲突,其中一个木偶因为另一个让路而“赢”了。在参与其中的23个幼儿中,有20个拿到了那个“赢了”的木偶。然而,当一个木偶为了获胜而使用武力击倒另一个木偶时,22个蹒跚学步的孩子中有18个伸手去拿那个“输了”的木偶。五个后续实验排除了对这些结果的其他解释。这些发现表明,人类从很小的时候就不仅会识别相对地位,还会将身份纳入他们决定是否接近或回避他人的决定中,其方式与我们最近的灵长类亲属不同。
Social hierarchies occur across human societies, so all humans must navigate them. Infants can detect when one individual outranks another, but it is unknown whether they approach others based on their social status. This paper presents a series of seven experiments investigating whether toddlers prefer high- or low-ranking individuals. Toddlers aged 21–31 months watched a zero-sum, right-of-way conflict between two puppets, in which one puppet ‘won’ because the other yielded the way. Of the 23 toddlers who participated, 20 reached for the puppet that ‘won’. However, when one puppet used force and knocked the other puppet down in order to win, 18 out of 22 toddlers reached for the puppet that ‘lost’. Five follow-up experiments ruled out alternative explanations for these results. The findings suggest that humans, from a very early age, not only recognize relative status but also incorporate status into their decisions about whether to approach or avoid others, in a way that differs from our nearest primate relatives.
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