A 680,000-person megastudy of nudges to encourage vaccination in pharmacies.
A 680,000-person megastudy of nudges to encourage vaccination in pharmacies.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2115126119
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发表时间：
2022-02-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Duckworth AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Milkman KL;Gandhi L;Patel MS;Graci HN;Gromet DM;Ho H;Kay JS;Lee TW;Rothschild J;Bogard JE;Brody I;Chabris CF;Chang E;Chapman GB;Dannals JE;Goldstein NJ;Goren A;Hershfield H;Hirsch A;Hmurovic J;Horn S;Karlan DS;Kristal AS;Lamberton C;Meyer MN;Oakes AH;Schweitzer ME;Shermohammed M;Talloen J;Warren C;Whillans A;Yadav KN;Zlatev JJ;Berman R;Evans CN;Ladhania R;Ludwig J;Mazar N;Mullainathan S;Snider CK;Spiess J;Tsukayama E;Ungar L;Van den Bulte C;Volpp KG;Duckworth AL
鼓励接种疫苗是一个紧迫的政策问题。我们对689，693名沃尔玛药房客户的研究表明，基于文本的提醒可以鼓励药房接种疫苗，并确定哪种信息最有效。我们测试了22种不同的文字提醒，使用各种不同的行为科学原理来推动流感疫苗接种。提醒短信使疫苗接种率比正常对照条件下平均提高了2.0个百分点（6.8%）。最有效的信息是提醒患者流感疫苗正在等待他们，并在多天内发送提醒。表现最好的干预措施包括两个相隔3d的文本，并表示疫苗“在等着你”。预测者没有预料到这将是最好的治疗方法，强调了测试的价值。鼓励接种疫苗是一个紧迫的政策问题。为了评估基于文本的提醒是否可以鼓励药房接种疫苗以及什么样的信息最有效，我们进行了一项大型研究。我们随机分配了689，693名沃尔玛药房的患者接受22种不同的短信提醒之一，使用各种不同的行为科学原理来推动流感疫苗接种或照常控制条件，没有收到任何消息。我们发现，在3个月的随访期内，我们测试的提醒文本使药房疫苗接种率平均提高了2.0个百分点，即6.8%。最有效的信息是提醒患者流感疫苗正在等待他们，并在多天内发送提醒。表现最好的干预措施包括两条相隔3d的短信，告诉患者疫苗正在“等着你”。无论是专家还是外行人都没有预料到这将是表现最好的治疗方法，这强调了在一项高效能的大型研究中同时测试许多不同的推动措施的价值。
Encouraging vaccination is a pressing policy problem. Our megastudy with 689,693 Walmart pharmacy customers demonstrates that text-based reminders can encourage pharmacy vaccination and establishes what kinds of messages work best. We tested 22 different text reminders using a variety of different behavioral science principles to nudge flu vaccination. Reminder texts increased vaccination rates by an average of 2.0 percentage points (6.8%) over a business-as-usual control condition. The most-effective messages reminded patients that a flu shot was waiting for them and delivered reminders on multiple days. The top-performing intervention included two texts 3 d apart and stated that a vaccine was “waiting for you.” Forecasters failed to anticipate that this would be the best-performing treatment, underscoring the value of testing. Encouraging vaccination is a pressing policy problem. To assess whether text-based reminders can encourage pharmacy vaccination and what kinds of messages work best, we conducted a megastudy. We randomly assigned 689,693 Walmart pharmacy patients to receive one of 22 different text reminders using a variety of different behavioral science principles to nudge flu vaccination or to a business-as-usual control condition that received no messages. We found that the reminder texts that we tested increased pharmacy vaccination rates by an average of 2.0 percentage points, or 6.8%, over a 3-mo follow-up period. The most-effective messages reminded patients that a flu shot was waiting for them and delivered reminders on multiple days. The top-performing intervention included two texts delivered 3 d apart and communicated to patients that a vaccine was “waiting for you.” Neither experts nor lay people anticipated that this would be the best-performing treatment, underscoring the value of simultaneously testing many different nudges in a highly powered megastudy.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2101165118
发表时间：
2021-05-18
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Milkman KL;Patel MS;Gandhi L;Graci HN;Gromet DM;Ho H;Kay JS;Lee TW;Akinola M;Beshears J;Bogard JE;Buttenheim A;Chabris CF;Chapman GB;Choi JJ;Dai H;Fox CR;Goren A;Hilchey MD;Hmurovic J;John LK;Karlan D;Kim M;Laibson D;Lamberton C;Madrian BC;Meyer MN;Modanu M;Nam J;Rogers T;Rondina R;Saccardo S;Shermohammed M;Soman D;Sparks J;Warren C;Weber M;Berman R;Evans CN;Snider CK;Tsukayama E;Van den Bulte C;Volpp KG;Duckworth AL
通讯作者：
Duckworth AL
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1103170108
发表时间：
2011-06-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Milkman, Katherine L.;Beshears, John;Madrian, Brigitte C.
通讯作者：
Madrian, Brigitte C.
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
DellaVigna, Stefano;Pope, Devin
通讯作者：
Pope, Devin
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Sparkman, Gregg;Walton, Gregory M.
通讯作者：
Walton, Gregory M.
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
McKenzie, CRM;Liersch, MJ;Finkelstein, SR
通讯作者：
Finkelstein, SR