Expanding the definition of the classical bipartite nuclear localization signal.

Expanding the definition of the classical bipartite nuclear localization signal.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.01028.x
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发表时间:
2010-03
期刊:
Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Corbett AH
Corbett AH
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lange A;McLane LM;Mills RE;Devine SE;Corbett AH

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核定位信号(NLS)是将货物蛋白靶向到核中的氨基酸序列。NLS基序的严格表征对于理解和预测核输入途径至关重要。最具特征的NLS是经典NLS(cNLS),其被cNLS受体importin-α识别。cNLS通常被定义为具有一个(单部分)或两个由9-12个氨基酸接头(双部分)分隔的碱性氨基酸簇。基于发现Ty 1整合酶(其含有具有29个氨基酸接头的非常规推定的二分型cNLS)利用经典的核输入机制,我们评估了二分型cNLS内接头长度的功能边界。我们证实了整合酶cNLS是一个真正的二分cNLS,然后进行了一个系统的分析,在一个专性的二分cNLS货物的连接长度,这表明,一些连接器比传统定义的更长,可以在核输入功能。接头功能取决于序列和可能的接头的固有柔性。随后,我们询问了酿酒酵母蛋白质组,以确定含有推定的长二分cNLS的细胞蛋白。我们实验证实Rrp 4含有一个具有25个氨基酸接头的二分cNLS。我们的研究表明,传统的双链cNLS定义过于严格,接头长度可以根据氨基酸组成而变化
Nuclear localization signals (NLSs) are amino acid sequences that target cargo proteins into the nucleus. Rigorous characterization of NLS motifs is essential to understanding and predicting pathways for nuclear import. The best-characterized NLS is the classical NLS (cNLS), which is recognized by the cNLS receptor, importin-α. cNLSs are conventionally defined as having one (monopartite) or two clusters of basic amino acids separated by a 9-12 amino acid linker (bipartite). Motivated by the finding that Ty1 integrase, which contains an unconventional putative bipartite cNLS with a 29 amino acid linker, exploits the classical nuclear import machinery, we assessed the functional boundaries for linker length within a bipartite cNLS. We confirmed that the integrase cNLS is a bona fide bipartite cNLS, then carried out a systematic analysis of linker length in an obligate bipartite cNLS cargo, which revealed that some linkers longer than conventionally defined can function in nuclear import. Linker function is dependent on the sequence and likely the inherent flexibility of the linker. Subsequently, we interrogated the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome to identify cellular proteins containing putative long bipartite cNLSs. We experimentally confirmed that Rrp4 contains a bipartite cNLS with a 25 amino acid linker. Our studies reveal that the traditional definition of bipartite cNLSs is too restrictive and linker length can vary depending on amino acid composition
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