Auditory spatial attention to speech and complex non-speech sounds in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Auditory spatial attention to speech and complex non-speech sounds in children with autism spectrum disorder.
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DOI：
10.1002/aur.1790
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发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bennetto L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Soskey LN;Allen PD;Bennetto L
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）最早的“危险信号”之一是孩子不转向社交声音（例如，照顾者叫他们的名字）。将注意力转向声音的一个关键组成部分是听觉空间注意力，或者关注空间中特定位置的声音而忽略附近声音的能力。我们通过播放放置在儿童前面并跨越到一侧的扬声器的声音，来检测自闭症儿童和正常神经儿童的听觉空间注意力。孩子们被要求去一个特定的地方，当他们听到从那个地方传来的目标声音时，就按下一个按钮，同时忽略其他所有声音。此外，为了探索语音的声学复杂性（例如，音高和声波时间的变化）是否会使ASD儿童特别难以定位和注意语音，我们测试了简单的音调，语音（元音）和复杂的非语音。与神经正常的儿童相比，患有自闭症的儿童在注意他们面前的声音时，听觉空间注意力的微调（即更分散）更少。换句话说，他们也更有可能注意到目标附近的分散注意力的声音。他们对语音和非语音的空间注意力更加分散。空间注意力越分散的ASD患儿的ASD症状也越严重。这种听觉空间注意力的普遍困难可能有助于解释为什么自闭症儿童难以将注意力集中在重要的声音上，尤其是在嘈杂的环境中。自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）中最早可观察到的缺陷之一是无法适应语言和其他社会刺激。听觉空间注意力是环境中声音定位的关键组成部分，已被证明在患有ASD的成年人中受损。此外，定向社会声音的特定缺陷可能与言语声学复杂性的增加有关。我们的目的是描述ASD儿童和神经正常对照的听觉空间注意特征，并确定听觉刺激复杂性对空间注意的影响。在一项空间注意力任务中，目标和干扰声音在一个自由场阵列中随机连续播放。参与者被安排在中心或外围位置，并被指示对该位置的目标声音做出反应，同时忽略附近的声音。刺激特异性块评估了简单非语音音调、语音（元音）和与元音匹配的复杂非语音在关键声学特性上的空间注意力。ASD儿童在前排的弥漫性听觉空间注意明显高于神经正常儿童，表现为对邻近非目标位置声音的反应增加。刺激复杂性对空间注意的影响不显著。此外，在ASD组中，更分散的空间注意力与更严重的ASD症状相关，但与一般注意力不集中症状无关。空间注意缺陷对于理解导致ASD核心缺陷的社会定向缺陷和非典型注意过程具有重要意义。
One of the earliest “red flags” for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the child not turning towards social sounds (e.g., caregiver calling their name). A key component of turning attention to sounds is auditory spatial attention, or the ability to pay attention to sounds at a specific location in space while ignoring nearby sounds. We examined auditory spatial attention in children with ASD and neurotypical children by playing sounds from an arrangement of speakers placed in front of the child and spanning to the side. Children were asked to attend to a particular location and press a button whenever they heard a target sound coming from that location, while ignoring all other sounds. Additionally, to explore whether the acoustic complexity of speech sounds (e.g., variability in pitch and timing of sound waves) makes it particularly difficult for children with ASD to locate and pay attention to speech, we tested simple tones, speech sounds (vowels), and complex non-speech sounds. Children with ASD had less finely-tuned (i.e., more diffuse) auditory spatial attention than neurotypical children when attending to sounds in front of them. In other words, they were more likely to also pay attention to distracting sounds near the target. Their spatial attention was more diffuse for speech and for non-speech sounds. Children with ASD with more diffuse spatial attention also had more severe ASD symptoms. This general difficulty with auditory spatial attention may help explain why children with ASD have difficulty directing attention to important sounds, particularly in noisy environments. One of the earliest observable impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a failure to orient to speech and other social stimuli. Auditory spatial attention, a key component of orienting to sounds in the environment, has been shown to be impaired in adults with ASD. Additionally, specific deficits in orienting to social sounds could be related to increased acoustic complexity of speech. We aimed to characterize auditory spatial attention in children with ASD and neurotypical controls, and to determine the effect of auditory stimulus complexity on spatial attention. In a spatial attention task, target and distractor sounds were played randomly in rapid succession from speakers in a free-field array. Participants attended to a central or peripheral location, and were instructed to respond to target sounds at the attended location while ignoring nearby sounds. Stimulus-specific blocks evaluated spatial attention for simple non-speech tones, speech sounds (vowels), and complex non-speech sounds matched to vowels on key acoustic properties. Children with ASD had significantly more diffuse auditory spatial attention than neurotypical children when attending front, indicated by increased responding to sounds at adjacent non-target locations. No significant differences in spatial attention emerged based on stimulus complexity. Additionally, in the ASD group, more diffuse spatial attention was associated with more severe ASD symptoms but not with general inattention symptoms. Spatial attention deficits have important implications for understanding social orienting deficits and atypical attentional processes that contribute to core deficits of ASD.
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.21.2.387
发表时间：
1995-04-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
MONDOR, TA;ZATORRE, RJ
通讯作者：
ZATORRE, RJ
DOI：
10.1097/00004583-200210000-00014
发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Maestro, S;Muratori, F;Palacio-Espasa, F
通讯作者：
Palacio-Espasa, F
影响因子：
4
作者：
Dawson, G;Toth, K;Liaw, J
通讯作者：
Liaw, J
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Keehn, Brandon;Mueller, Ralph-Axel;Townsend, Jeanne
通讯作者：
Townsend, Jeanne
使用贝叶斯来最大程度地利用不重要的结果。
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Dienes Z
通讯作者：
Dienes Z