Host hindrance to HIV-1 replication in monocytes and macrophages.
Host hindrance to HIV-1 replication in monocytes and macrophages.
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DOI：
10.1186/1742-4690-7-31
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发表时间：
2010-04-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Pancino G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bergamaschi A;Pancino G
单核细胞和巨噬细胞是HIV-1感染的靶点，在病毒发病的多个方面发挥着关键作用。HIV-1可以在血液单核细胞中复制，尽管只有一小部分循环单核细胞含有病毒DNA。组织中的巨噬细胞可以被感染，并发挥病毒储存库的作用。然而，它们对感染的易感性，以及它们主动复制病毒的能力，在很大程度上取决于组织定位和细胞因子环境。体外单核细胞对HIV-1感染的易感性取决于它们的分化状态。单核细胞对感染是不耐受的，在分化为巨噬细胞后变得允许。此外，单核细胞来源的巨噬细胞维持病毒复制的能力在个体之间是不同的。宿主决定因子调节HIV-1在单核细胞和巨噬细胞中的复制，限制了病毒生命周期的几个步骤，从病毒进入到病毒释放。一些负责限制HIV-1的宿主因子与T淋巴细胞共享，但一些抗病毒机制是单核细胞或巨噬细胞所特有的。虽然在体外单核细胞或单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞中已经确定了许多这些机制，但其中一些机制也涉及体内HIV-1感染的调节，特别是在脑和肺中，巨噬细胞是HIV-1感染的主要细胞类型。这篇综述的重点是已经报道的在单核细胞和巨噬细胞中干扰HIV-1感染的细胞因子，并检查了支持它们在体内作用的证据，强调了HIV-1限制在这两种细胞类型中的独特方面。
Monocytes and macrophages are targets of HIV-1 infection and play critical roles in multiple aspects of viral pathogenesis. HIV-1 can replicate in blood monocytes, although only a minor proportion of circulating monocytes harbor viral DNA. Resident macrophages in tissues can be infected and function as viral reservoirs. However, their susceptibility to infection, and their capacity to actively replicate the virus, varies greatly depending on the tissue localization and cytokine environment. The susceptibility of monocytes to HIV-1 infection in vitro depends on their differentiation status. Monocytes are refractory to infection and become permissive upon differentiation into macrophages. In addition, the capacity of monocyte-derived macrophages to sustain viral replication varies between individuals. Host determinants regulate HIV-1 replication in monocytes and macrophages, limiting several steps of the viral life-cycle, from viral entry to virus release. Some host factors responsible for HIV-1 restriction are shared with T lymphocytes, but several anti-viral mechanisms are specific to either monocytes or macrophages. Whilst a number of these mechanisms have been identified in monocytes or in monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro, some of them have also been implicated in the regulation of HIV-1 infection in vivo, in particular in the brain and the lung where macrophages are the main cell type infected by HIV-1. This review focuses on cellular factors that have been reported to interfere with HIV-1 infection in monocytes and macrophages, and examines the evidences supporting their role in vivo, highlighting unique aspects of HIV-1 restriction in these two cell types.
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