Multiple pathways for mitophagy: A neurodegenerative conundrum for Parkinson's disease.

Multiple pathways for mitophagy: A neurodegenerative conundrum for Parkinson's disease.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.004
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发表时间:
2019-04-01
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Chu CT
Chu CT
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chu CT

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自从第一项里程碑式的研究表明家族性隐性帕金森氏病基因与选择性线粒体自噬的调节有关以来,已经过去了近十年。PTEN诱导的激酶1(PINK1)和E3泛素连接酶Parkin(由PARK2基因编码)共同作用,标记去极化的线粒体降解。现在有大量的文献详细描述了这一途径中的关键调节因子和步骤,主要是基于转化细胞系的工作。然而,PINK1触发的丝裂原吞噬在多大程度上有助于哺乳动物大脑中的线粒体质量控制,以及它的破坏在多大程度上有助于帕金森病的发病机制仍不确定。近年来,有一件事变得很明显,即有多条潜在的冗余的货物规格的丝裂原吞噬。PINK1和Parkin的重要的不依赖于有丝分裂的功能也正在出现。本文综述了三种主要的有丝分裂物质识别系统:受体介导的、泛素介导的和心磷脂介导的。新的动物模型可能有助于追踪线粒体在不同神经元群体中向溶酶体的传递。将这些研究工具与选择性干扰特定吞丝分裂途径的方法相结合,可能会更好地理解吞丝分裂在调节帕金森氏谱(PD/PDD/DLB)和其他神经退行性疾病中的潜在作用。
It has been nearly a decade since the first landmark studies implicating familial recessive Parkinson’s disease genes in the regulation of selective mitochondrial autophagy. The PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin (encoded by the PARK2 gene) act together to mark depolarized mitochondria for degradation. There is now an extensive body of literature detailing key mediators and steps in this pathway, based mostly on work in transformed cell lines. However, the degree to which PINK1-triggered mitophagy contributes to mitochondrial quality control in the mammalian brain, and the extent to which its disruption contributes to Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis remain uncertain. In recent years, it has become clear that there are multiple, potentially redundant, pathways of cargo specification for mitophagy. Important mitophagy-independent functions of PINK1 and Parkin are also emerging. This review summarizes key features of three major mitophagy cargo recognition systems: receptor-mediated, ubiquitin-mediated and cardiolipin-mediated. New animal models that may be useful for tracking the delivery of mitochondria into lysosomes in different neuronal populations will be highlighted. Combining these research tools with methods to selectively disrupt specific mitophagy pathways may lead to a better understanding of the potential role of mitophagy in modulating neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson’s spectrum (PD/PDD/DLB) and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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