Insights into cortical mechanisms of behavior from microstimulation experiments.

Insights into cortical mechanisms of behavior from microstimulation experiments.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.01.006
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发表时间:
2013-04
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Maunsell, John H. R.
Maunsell, John H. R.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Histed, Mark H.;Ni, Amy M.;Maunsell, John H. R.

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即使是最简单的行为也依赖于大量的神经元,这些神经元分布在大脑的许多区域。由于电刺激可以改变局部神经元亚群的活动,它为特定神经元对特定行为的贡献提供了有价值的证据。在这里,我们回顾了从动物和人类使用微刺激的行为研究中了解到的关于皮质功能的知识。研究微刺激如何影响对刺激的知觉的实验表明,微刺激的影响通常具有高度的特异性,并可能与刺激部位神经元喜欢的刺激有关。要求受试者在没有其他刺激的情况下检测皮质微刺激的实验提供了进一步的见解。虽然受试者通常能感觉到初级感觉或运动皮质的微刺激,但如果没有广泛的练习,他们通常无法感觉到大部分皮质的刺激。然而,在实践中,对大脑皮层任何部分的刺激都可以被检测到。这些训练效果表明,皮质活动的某些模式不容易被用来指导行为,但成年人的大脑保持着足够的可塑性,可以学习处理皮质中任何地方出现的新的神经元活动模式。
Even the simplest behaviors depend on a large number of neurons that are distributed across many brain regions. Because electrical microstimulation can change the activity of localized subsets of neurons, it has provided valuable evidence that specific neurons contribute to particular behaviors. Here we review what has been learned about cortical function from behavioral studies using microstimulation in animals and humans. Experiments that examine how microstimulation affects the perception of stimuli have shown that the effects of microstimulation are usually highly specific and can be related to the stimuli preferred by neurons at the stimulated site. Experiments that ask subjects to detect cortical microstimulation in the absence of other stimuli have provided further insights. Although subjects typically can detect microstimulation of primary sensory or motor cortex, they are generally unable to detect stimulation of most of cortex without extensive practice. With practice, however, stimulation of any part of cortex can become detected. These training effects suggest that some patterns of cortical activity cannot be readily accessed to guide behavior, but that the adult brain retains enough plasticity to learn to process novel patterns of neuronal activity arising anywhere in cortex.
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