Rethinking Resilience Analytics

Rethinking Resilience Analytics
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重新思考弹性分析

DOI:
10.1111/risa.13328
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Alderson, David L.
Alderson, David L.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Eisenberg, Daniel;Seager, Thomas;Alderson, David L.

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“弹性分析”的概念最近被提出,作为利用大数据的承诺来提高相互依赖的关键基础设施系统及其支持的社区的弹性的一种手段。鉴于机器学习和其他数据驱动分析技术的最新进展,以及备受瞩目的自然灾害和人为灾害的普遍存在,毫无疑问,追求弹性分析的诱惑几乎是压倒性的。事实上,我们发现大数据分析能够支持分析模型中捕获的罕见的情境意外的恢复能力。尽管如此,本文通过回答一个简单的问题来检验弹性分析的有效性:大数据分析能否帮助网络-物理-社会(CPS)系统适应意外?本文解释了当关键基础设施系统受到模型开发过程中从未设想过的基本意外挑战时,弹性分析的局限性。在这些情况下,采用弹性分析可能被证明对决策支持毫无用处,或者在前所未有的事件中增加危险,从而有害。我们通过强调分析模型在飓风、大坝故障、停电和股市崩盘期间的局限性,证明了这些危险并不局限于单一的CPS环境。我们得出的结论是,弹性分析本身并不能适应那些促使其使用的事件,而且具有讽刺意味的是,这可能会使CPS系统更加脆弱。我们提出了未来研究的途径,以解决这一缺陷,重点是即兴适应CPS系统的基本惊喜。
The concept of “resilience analytics” has recently been proposed as a means to leverage the promise of big data to improve the resilience of interdependent critical infrastructure systems and the communities supported by them. Given recent advances in machine learning and other data‐driven analytic techniques, as well as the prevalence of high‐profile natural and man‐made disasters, the temptation to pursue resilience analytics without question is almost overwhelming. Indeed, we find big data analytics capable to support resilience to rare, situational surprises captured in analytic models. Nonetheless, this article examines the efficacy of resilience analytics by answering a single motivating question: Can big data analytics help cyber–physical–social (CPS) systems adapt to surprise? This article explains the limitations of resilience analytics when critical infrastructure systems are challenged by fundamental surprises never conceived during model development. In these cases, adoption of resilience analytics may prove either useless for decision support or harmful by increasing dangers during unprecedented events. We demonstrate that these dangers are not limited to a single CPS context by highlighting the limits of analytic models during hurricanes, dam failures, blackouts, and stock market crashes. We conclude that resilience analytics alone are not able to adapt to the very events that motivate their use and may, ironically, make CPS systems more vulnerable. We present avenues for future research to address this deficiency, with emphasis on improvisation to adapt CPS systems to fundamental surprise.
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