Predicting the vulnerability of great apes to disease: the role of superspreaders and their potential vaccination.
Predicting the vulnerability of great apes to disease: the role of superspreaders and their potential vaccination.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0084642
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lehmann J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carne C;Semple S;Morrogh-Bernard H;Zuberbühler K;Lehmann J
疾病是保护类人猿的一个主要问题，随着森林砍伐和生态旅游的兴起，人类和类人猿的距离越来越近，疾病可能变得越来越重要。因此，必须探索预防措施，以确保未来的流行病不会消灭这些动物的剩余种群。本文采用社会网络分析方法，对一个野生猩猩种群和一个野生黑猩猩群落的疾病易感性进行了研究。确定了潜在的疾病“超级传播者”--在社区或人群中占据不成比例的中心位置的个体，并使用模拟评估了为这些个体接种疫苗的有效性。三个居民女性红毛猩猩被确定为潜在的超级传播者，女性和unflanged男性被预测为更有影响力的疾病传播比法兰男性。相比之下，在黑猩猩网络中没有发现超级传播者，尽管雄性比雌性明显更中心。在这两个物种中，模拟网络中最中心的个体接种疫苗比删除随机个体更能减少潜在的疾病途径，但这种效果对红毛猩猩更为明显。这表明，有针对性的疫苗接种对减少疾病在红毛猩猩中的传播比在黑猩猩中的传播有更大的影响。总的来说，这些结果对猩猩和黑猩猩的保护具有重要意义，并突出了某些个体在疾病传播和疫苗预防中可能发挥的作用。
Disease is a major concern for the conservation of great apes, and one that is likely to become increasingly relevant as deforestation and the rise of ecotourism bring humans and apes into ever closer proximity. Consequently, it is imperative that preventative measures are explored to ensure that future epidemics do not wipe out the remaining populations of these animals. In this paper, social network analysis was used to investigate vulnerability to disease in a population of wild orang-utans and a community of wild chimpanzees. Potential ‘superspreaders’ of disease - individuals with disproportionately central positions in the community or population - were identified, and the efficacy of vaccinating these individuals assessed using simulations. Three resident female orang-utans were identified as potential superspreaders, and females and unflanged males were predicted to be more influential in disease spread than flanged males. By contrast, no superspreaders were identified in the chimpanzee network, although males were significantly more central than females. In both species, simulating the vaccination of the most central individuals in the network caused a greater reduction in potential disease pathways than removing random individuals, but this effect was considerably more pronounced for orang-utans. This suggests that targeted vaccinations would have a greater impact on reducing disease spread among orang-utans than chimpanzees. Overall, these results have important implications for orang-utan and chimpanzee conservation and highlight the role that certain individuals may play in the spread of disease and its prevention by vaccination.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Chaverri, Gloriana
通讯作者：
Chaverri, Gloriana
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Genton, Celine;Cristescu, Romane;Menard, Nelly
通讯作者：
Menard, Nelly
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
BONACICH, P
通讯作者：
BONACICH, P
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Albert, R;Jeong, H;Barabási, AL
通讯作者：
Barabási, AL
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
CHAPMAN, CA;WRANGHAM, RW;CHAPMAN, LJ
通讯作者：
CHAPMAN, LJ