Factors affecting the compliance and sway properties of tree branches used by the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii).
Factors affecting the compliance and sway properties of tree branches used by the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii).
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0067877
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ennos AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
van Casteren A;Sellers WI;Thorpe SK;Coward S;Crompton RH;Ennos AR
热带树栖环境是一个机械复杂和多样的栖息地。树栖动物在树木周围移动时，必须适应支撑物的顺应性和稳定性的变化。由于猩猩是最大的习惯性树栖动物，因此它异常容易受到分支顺应性和稳定性的影响，因此代表了一种独特的动物模型，可以帮助研究动物如何科普热带树冠的机械异质性。本研究的目的是调查如何在遵守和振荡的分支机构的时间的变化与容易观察到的特征乔木支持。这应该有助于预测支撑物如何对移动的猩猩的重量和质量做出机械反应，并表明猩猩自己如何预测分支属性。我们测量的遵守和振荡的时间，从11个树种的猩猩经常在苏门答腊岛的热带雨林。在硬绳的末端使用力平衡在几个点处沿沿着其长度拉动树枝，并且测量分支的局部直径以及到其基部和尖端的距离。顺应性与局部直径和到分支尖端的长度呈负相关，与离主干的长度呈正相关（如果较弱）。然而，分支直径不仅预测顺应性最好，但也是最容易观察的猩猩。相反，分支的振荡时间在很大程度上不受局部直径的影响，并且仅在直径小于2cm时显著增加。这项研究的结果验证了以前的实地研究，相关的运动模式，当地分支直径，同时建议树栖动物自己如何感觉到他们的机械环境。
The tropical arboreal environment is a mechanically complex and varied habitat. Arboreal inhabitants must adapt to changes in the compliance and stability of supports when moving around trees. Because the orangutan is the largest habitual arboreal inhabitant, it is unusually susceptible to branch compliance and stability and therefore represents a unique animal model to help investigate how animals cope with the mechanical heterogeneity of the tropical canopy. The aim of this study was to investigate how changes in compliance and time of oscillation of branches are related to easily observable traits of arboreal supports. This should help predict how supports react mechanically to the weight and mass of a moving orangutan, and suggest how orangutans themselves predict branch properties. We measured the compliance and time of oscillation of branches from 11 tree species frequented by orangutans in the rainforest of Sumatra. Branches were pulled at several points along their length using a force balance at the end of a stiff rope, and the local diameter of the branch and the distance to its base and tip were measured. Compliance was negatively associated with both local diameter and length to the tip of the branch, and positively, if weakly, associated with length from the trunk. However, branch diameter not only predicted compliance best, but would also be easiest for an orangutan to observe. In contrast, oscillation times of branches were largely unaffected by local diameter, and only significantly increased at diameters below 2 cm. The results of this study validate previous field research, which related locomotory modes to local branch diameter, while suggesting how arboreal animals themselves sense their mechanical environment.
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