The Aadhaar scheme: a cornerstone of a new citizenship regime in India?

The Aadhaar scheme: a cornerstone of a new citizenship regime in India?
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Aadhaar 计划:印度新公民制度的基石?

DOI:
10.1080/09584935.2017.1369934
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
1.4
通讯作者:
Bidisha Chaudhuri
Bidisha Chaudhuri
中科院分区:
法学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Koenig;Bidisha Chaudhuri

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自由市场经济的迅速发展,加上后共产主义和后殖民国家的“良好治理”模式,强调了平等的市场概念,同时将“公民”转变为“顾客”。信息通信技术大量进入治理机制,对治理方式产生重大影响,从而对记录公民身份的实质和过程产生重大影响,进一步加剧了这一趋势。正是在这种交错的经济和政治变化的更广泛的背景下,本文捕捉到了印度公民身份制度的变化,这一变化通过独特身份识别或Aadhaar计划体现出来,这是印度政府的一项倡议,旨在为每个印度居民提供唯一的身份证件。尽管Aadhaar没有对公民身份进行身份验证,但它承诺建立身份信息基础设施的“国家网格”,这表明了印度公民形成的一种新的包容/排斥范式的元结构,这种范式似乎重新创造了基于财产权的公民共和主义的早期自由主义价值观。这篇论文没有评估这一计划的优点,而是展示了新的政府技术如何影响印度的公民身份制度,同时符合日益增长的新自由主义政治经济的要求。
The burgeoning influence of liberal market economy coupled with a ‘good governance’ paradigm across post-communist and post-colonial states emphasizes a market concept of equality, while turning ‘citizens’ into ‘customers’. This trend has been further accentuated by the massive inlets of Information Communication Technologies into governance mechanisms having a significant impact on the ways of governmentality and thereby on the substance and processes of documenting citizenship. It is in this wider context of intersecting economic and political changes that this paper captures the shifting regimes of citizenship in India as manifested through the processes of Unique Identification, or Aadhaar scheme, an initiative by the Government of India that seeks to give every Indian resident a unique identity documentation. Although Aadhaar does not authenticate citizen identity, nonetheless, in its promise to build a ‘national grid’ of identity information infrastructure, it indicates a meta-structure of a new inclusion/exclusion paradigm of citizen formation in India that appears to reinvent early liberal values of civic republicanism based on property rights. Rather than assessing the merits of this scheme, this paper demonstrates how new technologies of governmentality could impact the citizenship regime in India while keeping with the demands of a growing neo-liberal political economy.
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