Alterations of eye movement control in neurodegenerative movement disorders.

Alterations of eye movement control in neurodegenerative movement disorders.
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DOI:
10.1155/2014/658243
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Kassubek J
Kassubek J
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gorges M;Pinkhardt EH;Kassubek J

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中央凹是视网膜的最中心部分,也是视觉精度最高的区域,它的进化需要人类快速转移视线(扫视),将视野内的一些感兴趣的物体带到中央凹上。此外,人类具备以高度预测的方式(平滑追踪)连续旋转眼球的能力,以将移动目标稳定地保持在视网膜上。神经退行性运动障碍中的功能缺陷(例如,帕金森综合征)涉及基底神经节,这在运动控制的各个方面都很关键。此外,新皮质结构、小脑和中脑可能受到病理过程的影响。可能导致广泛的眼球运动改变,包括平滑追踪干扰(例如,中断扫视),扫视功能障碍(例如,高度扫视),以及异常的尝试注视(例如,病理性眼球震颤和方波抽搐)。在临床上,视频眼电图是一种敏感的非侵入性的在体技术分类眼运动功能的改变。眼球运动是了解中枢神经系统结构完整性及其在确定的神经退行性疾病中的变化的有价值的窗口,即脑干中的眼神经核及其直接激活的核上中心和基底神经节以及注意力的高级认知控制的皮质区域。
The evolution of the fovea centralis, the most central part of the retina and the area of the highest visual accuracy, requires humans to shift their gaze rapidly (saccades) to bring some object of interest within the visual field onto the fovea. In addition, humans are equipped with the ability to rotate the eye ball continuously in a highly predicting manner (smooth pursuit) to hold a moving target steadily upon the retina. The functional deficits in neurodegenerative movement disorders (e.g., Parkinsonian syndromes) involve the basal ganglia that are critical in all aspects of movement control. Moreover, neocortical structures, the cerebellum, and the midbrain may become affected by the pathological process. A broad spectrum of eye movement alterations may result, comprising smooth pursuit disturbance (e.g., interrupting saccades), saccadic dysfunction (e.g., hypometric saccades), and abnormal attempted fixation (e.g., pathological nystagmus and square wave jerks). On clinical grounds, videooculography is a sensitive noninvasive in vivo technique to classify oculomotion function alterations. Eye movements are a valuable window into the integrity of central nervous system structures and their changes in defined neurodegenerative conditions, that is, the oculomotor nuclei in the brainstem together with their directly activating supranuclear centers and the basal ganglia as well as cortical areas of higher cognitive control of attention.
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影响因子: 8.6
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