The Cortical Motor System in the Domestic Pig: Origin and Termination of the Corticospinal Tract and Cortico-Brainstem Projections.
The Cortical Motor System in the Domestic Pig: Origin and Termination of the Corticospinal Tract and Cortico-Brainstem Projections.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnana.2021.748050
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Collazos-Castro JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Del Cerro P;Rodríguez-De-Lope Á;Collazos-Castro JE
在偶蹄动物中，皮质运动系统的解剖结构及其与运动系统的关系在很大程度上是未知的。本文研究了家猪皮质脊髓束（CST）的起源和终止及皮质脑干投射。在脊髓C1节段注射氨基芪脒逆行标记锥体神经元。在确定了猪CST在初级运动皮层（M1）和运动前皮层（PM）中的双重起源后，通过在M1中单侧注射右旋糖酐alexa-594和在PM中单侧注射右旋糖酐alexa-488，顺行标记从这些区域下降到脊髓和脑干的轴突。从M1和PM到T6脊髓节段检测到大量皮质脊髓投射，并显示出类似的交叉模式和分布在白色质索和灰质层中。它们大多终止于外侧中间层和内侧基底核的树突上，有些支配腹内侧层，但基本上不存在于外侧板IX。离皮质轴突主要终止于同侧中脑和双侧延髓。大多数皮质红核投射起源于M1，而中脑网状结构、上级丘、外侧网状核、巨细胞网状核和中缝均与M1和PM有丰富的轴突接触。我们的数据表明，猪皮质运动系统有一些共同的特点，灵长类动物和人类，并可能通过平行的运动下行通路控制姿势和运动。然而，较少的皮质区域项目的脊髓在猪，和CST似乎既没有达到腰椎扩大，也没有一个显着的直接神经支配的颈部，前腿运动神经元。
The anatomy of the cortical motor system and its relationship to motor repertoire in artiodactyls is for the most part unknown. We studied the origin and termination of the corticospinal tract (CST) and cortico-brainstem projections in domestic pigs. Pyramidal neurons were retrogradely labeled by injecting aminostilbamidine in the spinal segment C1. After identifying the dual origin of the porcine CST in the primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor cortex (PM), the axons descending from those regions to the spinal cord and brainstem were anterogradely labeled by unilateral injections of dextran alexa-594 in M1 and dextran alexa-488 in PM. Numerous corticospinal projections from M1 and PM were detected up to T6 spinal segment and showed a similar pattern of decussation and distribution in the white matter funiculi and the gray matter laminae. They terminated mostly on dendrites of the lateral intermediate laminae and the internal basilar nucleus, and some innervated the ventromedial laminae, but were essentially absent in lateral laminae IX. Corticofugal axons terminated predominantly ipsilaterally in the midbrain and bilaterally in the medulla oblongata. Most corticorubral projections arose from M1, whereas the mesencephalic reticular formation, superior colliculus, lateral reticular nucleus, gigantocellular reticular nucleus, and raphe received abundant axonal contacts from both M1 and PM. Our data suggest that the porcine cortical motor system has some common features with that of primates and humans and may control posture and movement through parallel motor descending pathways. However, less cortical regions project to the spinal cord in pigs, and the CST neither seems to reach the lumbar enlargement nor to have a significant direct innervation of cervical, foreleg motoneurons.
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DOI：
10.3390/ani11072019
发表时间：
2021-07-06
期刊：
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
影响因子：
--
作者：
Desantis S;Minervini S;Zallocco L;Cozzi B;Pirone A
通讯作者：
Pirone A
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1967.0002
发表时间：
1967-01-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
DICKERSON, JW;DOBBING, J
通讯作者：
DOBBING, J
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Alstermark, B.;Isa, T.;Sasaki, S.
通讯作者：
Sasaki, S.
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
CANEDO, A;LAMAS, JA
通讯作者：
LAMAS, JA
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Collazos-Castro, JE;Soto, VM;Nieto-Sampedro, M
通讯作者：
Nieto-Sampedro, M