Chronic mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibition: preventing cancer to delay aging, or vice versa?.

Chronic mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibition: preventing cancer to delay aging, or vice versa?.
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雷帕霉素抑制的慢性机制目标:预防癌症延缓衰老,反之亦然?

DOI:
10.1159/000343625
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Livi,CarolinaBecker
Livi,CarolinaBecker
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sharp,ZeltonDave;Curiel,TylerJay;Livi,CarolinaBecker

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癌症和衰老似乎是不可避免地联系在一起的,然而,改善它们的方法却缺乏。尽管在人类身上不太可行,但多年的临床前研究表明,饮食和生长因子限制都能成功地同时解决癌症和衰老问题。用肠内雷帕霉素(eRapa)对遗传异质性小鼠进行慢性治疗,在中年或晚年开始时,延长了两性的最大寿命。在某种程度上,治疗小鼠的癌症改善表明,长期的eRapa,像饮食限制一样,可能是一种可行的临床药理学方法。我们回顾了目前对雷帕霉素(mTOR)的机制靶点在癌症和衰老中的作用的理解。我们还讨论了肿瘤免疫监视系统,以及更好地了解其对mTOR抑制剂反应的必要性。我们还解决了误认为雷帕霉素是一种有效的免疫抑制剂的问题。最后,我们回顾了mTOR抑制剂在癌症临床中的现状。由于迅速增长的老年人口最容易患癌症,我们的eRapa研究结果非常有必要为开发新的、更全面的预防癌症的方法提供概念证明,这些方法既安全,又能减轻衰老带来的其他有害影响。
Cancer and aging appear to be inexorably linked, yet approaches to ameliorate them in concert are lacking. Although not (easily) feasible in humans, years of preclinical research show that diet and growth factor restriction each successfully address cancer and aging together. Chronic treatment of genetically heterogeneous mice with an enteric formulation of rapamycin (eRapa) extended maximum lifespan of both genders when started in mid or late life. In part, cancer amelioration in treated mice suggested that long-term eRapa, like diet restriction, could be a pharmacological approach feasible for use in the clinic. We review the current understanding of the role of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in cancer and aging. We also discuss the tumor immune surveillance system, and the need for a better understanding of its responses to mTOR inhibitors. We also address the issue of the misperception that rapamycin is a potent immunosuppressant. Finally, we review the current state of mTOR inhibitors in the cancer clinic. Because of the burgeoning elderly population most at risk for cancer, there is a great need for our eRapa findings to be a proof of concept for the development of new and more comprehensive approaches to cancer prevention that are safe and also mitigate other deleterious effects of aging.
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