Estrogen receptors, the hippocampus, and memory.

Estrogen receptors, the hippocampus, and memory.
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DOI:
10.1177/1073858413519865
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发表时间:
2014-10
期刊:
The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Foster TC
Foster TC
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bean LA;Ianov L;Foster TC

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雌二醇对记忆的影响取决于激素水平以及神经回路中不同雌激素受体的相互作用。雌二醇诱导由雌激素受体α(ERα)、雌激素受体β(ERβ)以及最近被描述的一种G蛋白偶联雌激素受体介导的基因转录和快速的膜信号传导,每种受体都有独特的分布以及影响雌二醇依赖性信号传导的能力。使用受体特异性激动剂的研究表明,这三种受体都能快速激活激酶信号传导,并对记忆有复杂的剂量依赖性影响。利用受体敲除小鼠进行的研究表明,随着雌二醇水平下降,ERα维持转录和记忆。这项工作表明ERβ在转录和认知中具有调节作用,这取决于雌二醇水平和ERα的功能。ERβ的调节作用部分是由于ERβ作为ERα介导的转录的负调节因子。在海马体中通过载体介导的雌激素受体表达提供了一种创新的研究方法,并表明记忆取决于ERα和ERβ的相对表达以及与雌二醇水平的相互作用。值得注意的是,随着年龄增长,雌二醇改善认知的能力下降,同时雌激素受体的表达也降低。因此,未来的研究确定衰老过程中调节雌激素受体表达的机制将是很重要的。
Estradiol effects on memory depend on hormone levels and the interaction of different estrogen receptors within neural circuits. Estradiol induces gene transcription and rapid membrane signaling mediated by estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ), and a recently characterized G-protein coupled estrogen receptor, each with distinct distributions and ability to influence estradiol-dependent signaling. Investigations using receptor specific agonists suggest that all three receptors rapidly activate kinase-signaling and have complex dose-dependent influences on memory. Research employing receptor knockout mice demonstrate that ERα maintains transcription and memory as estradiol levels decline. This work indicates a regulatory role of ERβ in transcription and cognition, which depends on estradiol levels and the function of ERα. The regulatory role of ERβ is due in part to ERβ acting as a negative regulator of ERα-mediated transcription. Vector-mediated expression of estrogen receptors in the hippocampus provides an innovative research approach and suggests that memory depends on the relative expression of ERα and ERβ interacting with estradiol levels. Notably, the ability of estradiol to improve cognition declines with advanced age along with decreased expression of estrogen receptors. Thus, it will be important for future research to determine the mechanisms that regulate estrogen receptor expression during aging.
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