Presynaptic plasticity: targeted control of inhibitory networks.

Presynaptic plasticity: targeted control of inhibitory networks.
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突触前可塑性:抑制网络的针对性控制。

DOI:
10.1016/j.conb.2009.05.008
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Kauer,JulieA
Kauer,JulieA
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
McBain,ChrisJ;Kauer,JulieA

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GABA能抑制性中间神经元嵌入几乎所有的中枢神经元网络中,在那里它们起作用以影响细胞兴奋性、尖峰时间、同步性和振荡活动,即哺乳动物中枢神经系统中几乎所有生理相关过程。因此,突触输入到单个抑制性中间神经元上或来自单个抑制性中间神经元的输出的突触前可塑性可以对通常数千个下游靶神经元的活动具有主要影响。在这里,我们讨论了最近描述的几种形式的突触前长时程增强(LTP)和长时程抑制(LTD)发生在突触上的抑制性中间神经元,或在抑制性突触到下游的目标在一些中央结构。正如我们将要说明的,这些不同的突触前可塑性例子的诱导机制几乎没有共同的特征,然而,它们的表达机制都集中在突触前释放机制上。我们假设,这些不同形式的突触前可塑性可以从根本上不同于大多数突触后“点对点”形式的可塑性,以实现强大的修改大规模网络的整合和输出的方式运作。
GABAergic inhibitory interneurons are embedded in almost all central neuronal networks, where they act to influence cell excitability, spike timing, synchrony, and oscillatory activity, that is, almost every physiologically relevant process in the mammalian central nervous system. Consequently, presynaptic plasticity of the synaptic input onto, or the outputs from, a single inhibitory interneuron can have major ramifications for the activity of the often thousands of downstream target neurons. Here we discuss several recently described forms of presynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) occurring at synapses either made onto inhibitory interneurons, or at inhibitory synapses onto downstream targets in a number of central structures. As we will illustrate, the induction mechanisms underlying these disparate examples of presynaptic plasticity share few common features, however, their expression mechanisms converge on the presynaptic release machinery. We hypothesize that these varied forms of presynaptic plasticity can operate in a manner fundamentally distinct from most postsynaptic ‘point to point’ forms of plasticity, to achieve powerful modification of the integration and output of large-scale networks.
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