Cannabinoid Modulation of Dopamine Release During Motivation, Periodic Reinforcement, Exploratory Behavior, Habit Formation, and Attention.
Cannabinoid Modulation of Dopamine Release During Motivation, Periodic Reinforcement, Exploratory Behavior, Habit Formation, and Attention.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnsyn.2021.660218
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gomez DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oleson EB;Hamilton LR;Gomez DM
动机和注意力过程激发行动序列，以促进进化竞争和促进行为适应性。数十年的神经药理学、电生理学和电化学研究表明，中皮质边缘DA通路调节动机和注意力。最近，人们意识到，中脑皮质边缘DA功能受到大脑内源性大麻素系统的严格调节，并受到外源性大麻素的极大影响，这些大麻素已被人类用于医疗，仪式和娱乐用途12，000年。外源性大麻素，如大麻的主要精神活性成分δ-9-四氢大麻酚，通过作用于天然存在的内源性大麻素的结合位点而产生其作用。大脑的内源性大麻素系统由两个G蛋白偶联受体、这些受体靶标的内源性脂质配体以及参与其产生和降解的几种合成和代谢酶组成。新出现的证据表明，内源性大麻素2-花生四烯酸甘油是必要的，以观察并发增加DA释放和动机的行为。历史药理学文献表明大麻素信号在动机和注意力过程中的作用。虽然这两种类型的行为已经在DA或大麻素药物的操纵下进行了仔细检查，但对这两种重要信号系统之间的预期相互作用的了解要少得多。这篇综述试图总结大麻素调制DA释放的相关性，旨在调查动机或注意力控制的行为的操作性任务。我们首先描述大麻素如何影响DA释放和目标导向的行动下，各种强化突发事件。然后，我们考虑内源性大麻素可能发挥的作用，在切换动物的动机从目标导向的行动，以寻找替代的结果，除了形成长期的习惯。最后，使用5-选择系列反应时任务和注意定势转移任务的注意行为的可分离特征被讨论沿着与DA和大麻素的不同影响。最后，我们讨论了进一步研究DA-大麻素相互作用的潜在目标，涉及动机和注意力的关键底物。
Motivational and attentional processes energize action sequences to facilitate evolutionary competition and promote behavioral fitness. Decades of neuropharmacology, electrophysiology and electrochemistry research indicate that the mesocorticolimbic DA pathway modulates both motivation and attention. More recently, it was realized that mesocorticolimbic DA function is tightly regulated by the brain’s endocannabinoid system and greatly influenced by exogenous cannabinoids—which have been harnessed by humanity for medicinal, ritualistic, and recreational uses for 12,000 years. Exogenous cannabinoids, like the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, produce their effects by acting at binding sites for naturally occurring endocannabinoids. The brain’s endocannabinoid system consists of two G-protein coupled receptors, endogenous lipid ligands for these receptor targets, and several synthetic and metabolic enzymes involved in their production and degradation. Emerging evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol is necessary to observe concurrent increases in DA release and motivated behavior. And the historical pharmacology literature indicates a role for cannabinoid signaling in both motivational and attentional processes. While both types of behaviors have been scrutinized under manipulation by either DA or cannabinoid agents, there is considerably less insight into prospective interactions between these two important signaling systems. This review attempts to summate the relevance of cannabinoid modulation of DA release during operant tasks designed to investigate either motivational or attentional control of behavior. We first describe how cannabinoids influence DA release and goal-directed action under a variety of reinforcement contingencies. Then we consider the role that endocannabinoids might play in switching an animal’s motivation from a goal-directed action to the search for an alternative outcome, in addition to the formation of long-term habits. Finally, dissociable features of attentional behavior using both the 5-choice serial reaction time task and the attentional set-shifting task are discussed along with their distinct influences by DA and cannabinoids. We end with discussing potential targets for further research regarding DA-cannabinoid interactions within key substrates involved in motivation and attention.
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影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Alger, Bradley E.;Kim, Jimok
通讯作者：
Kim, Jimok
影响因子：
25
作者：
Asplund, Christopher L.;Todd, J. Jay;Snyder, Andy P.;Marois, Rene
通讯作者：
Marois, Rene
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Beazely, Michael A.;Tong, Andrew;MacDonald, John F.
通讯作者：
MacDonald, John F.
DOI：
10.1080/14640748108400816
发表时间：
1981-01-01
期刊：
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION B-COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
ADAMS, CD;DICKINSON, A
通讯作者：
DICKINSON, A
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2001348117
发表时间：
2020-07-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Boroujeni, Kianoush Banaie;Oemisch, Mariann;Womelsdorf, Thilo
通讯作者：
Womelsdorf, Thilo