Inflammatory lipid mediators in ischemic retinopathy.
Inflammatory lipid mediators in ischemic retinopathy.
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缺血性视网膜病中的炎症脂质介质。
作者：
P. Hardy;M. Beauchamp;F. Sennlaub;Fernand Jr. Gobeil;B. Mwaikambo;P. Lachapelle;S. Chemtob
缺血性增殖性视网膜病变发生于各种视网膜疾病，包括视网膜静脉阻塞、糖尿病性视网膜病变和早产儿视网膜病变。缺血性视网膜病变仍然是一个常见的原因，视力损害和失明在工业化国家由于相对无效的治疗。氧诱导视网膜病变（OIR）是一种成熟的早产儿视网膜病变模型，与血管细胞损伤相关，最终导致微血管变性，微血管变性先于异常的新生血管形成。视网膜是富含多不饱和脂肪酸的组织，缺血视网膜对氧化自由基引发的脂质过氧化反应高度敏感。视网膜组织通过磷脂酶的激活和随后从膜磷脂中释放生物活性代谢物来响应生理和病理生理刺激。磷脂酶A(2)的激活是合成两类重要的脂质第二信使——类二十烷和膜源性磷脂介质血小板活化因子（PAF）的第一步。这些脂质介质在视网膜中积累是对损伤的反应，这些代谢物在视网膜脉管系统中的生理作用大部分仍有待确定；虽然有人提议给一些人扮演角色。类二十烷，特别是前列腺素，血栓素A(2) （TXA(2)）和PAF在氧化应激后大量产生，并有助于神经血管损伤。TXA(2)和PAF通过直接诱导内皮细胞死亡在OIR视网膜微空泡变性中发挥重要作用，并可能参与缺血性视网膜病变的发病机制。这篇综述的重点是在新血管形成之前的机制，特别是关于参与微血管变性的脂质介质的作用。
Ischemic proliferative retinopathy develops in various retinal disorders, including retinal vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. Ischemic retinopathy remains a common cause of visual impairment and blindness in the industrialized world due to relatively ineffective treatment. Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is an established model of retinopathy of prematurity associated with vascular cell injury culminating in microvascular degeneration, which precedes an abnormal neovascularization. The retina is a tissue particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and the ischemic retina becomes highly sensitive to lipid peroxidation initiated by oxygenated free radicals. Retinal tissue responds to physiological and pathophysiological stimuli by the activation of phospholipases and the consequent release from membrane phospholipids of biologically active metabolites. Activation of phospholipase A(2) is the first step in the synthesis of two important classes of lipid second messengers, the eicosanoids and a membrane-derived phospholipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF). These lipid mediators accumulate in the retina in response to injury and a physiologic role of these metabolites in retinal vasculature remains for the most part to be determined; albeit proposed roles have been suggested for some. The eicosanoids, in particular the prostanoids, thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) and PAF are abundantly generated following an oxidant stress and contribute to neurovascular injury. TXA(2) and PAF play an important role in the retinal microvacular degeneration of OIR by directly inducing endothelial cell death and potentially could contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic retinopathies. This review focuses on mechanisms that precede the development of neovascularization, most notably regarding the role of lipid mediators that partake in microvascular degeneration.
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人视网膜色素上皮细胞中环氧合酶2基因的表达和调控。
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
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影响因子：
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3.4
作者：
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