Lexical constraints and prepositional phrase attachment
Lexical constraints and prepositional phrase attachment
复制标题
词汇限制和介词短语附加
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Heather Boehm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Julie E. Boland;Heather Boehm
六个实验研究了词汇限制如何影响句法分析在一个孤立的句子的歧义区域。我们重点研究了与格句中介词短语（PP）的连接歧义，例如“John给了他的儿子一封信……”，以测试基于约束的词汇学模型的一些预测。通过逐字敏感性判断（实验1-3和5）和逐字阅读时间（实验4和6）测量加工难度。我们发现，词汇约束信息的时间和类型决定了它的使用方式。当一个结构在歧义点被多个约束支持时，在歧义区域的早期进行语法承诺。因此，“约翰把一封信给他的儿子给一个朋友”和“保罗把剧本给一个女孩”都发现了花园路径效应。（局部模糊的PP是斜体）。当第一个介词短语中的介词与动词对“接受者”的限制不一致时（例如，“约翰给朋友写了一封关于他儿子的信”），在第二次PP中经历的处理困难量大大减少。相比之下，操纵介词的概率约束对判断或阅读时间几乎没有影响。这些结果支持一种基于约束的解析观点，在这种观点中，以相互竞争的词汇形式编码的约束影响可用的语法替代方案的强度，而非竞争约束在歧义解决中起次要作用。
Six experiments investigated how lexical constraints influence syntactic analysis during an ambiguous region of an isolated sentence. We focused on prepositional phrase (PP) attachment ambiguities in dative sentences such as “John gave a letter to his son …” to test some predictions of constraint-based lexicalist models. Processing difficulty was measured using word-by-word sensibility judgments (Experiments 1–3 and 5) and word-by-word reading times (Experiments 4 and 6). We found that both the timing and the type of lexical constraint information governed how it was used. A syntactic commitment was made early in the ambiguous region when one structure was supported by multiple constraints at the point of ambiguity. Thus, garden path effects were found for both “John gave a letterto his sonto a friend” and “Paul gave the scriptto the playto a girl.” (the locally ambiguous PP is italicized). The amount of processing difficulty experienced during the second PP was greatly reduced when the preposition in the first prepositional phrase was inconsistent with the verb's constraints on “recipient” PP's (e.g., “John gave a letter for/about his son to a friend”). In contrast, manipulating probabilistic constraints of the preposition had little effect on either judgments or reading times. These results support a constraint-based view of parsing in which those constraints that are encoded in competing lexical forms influence the strength with which syntactic alternatives are made available, while noncompeting constraints play a secondary role in ambiguity resolution.
话语中的句法歧义解决：对指称上下文和词汇频率的影响进行建模。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.24.6.1521
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子：
--
作者：
Spivey,MJ;Tanenhaus,MK
通讯作者：
Tanenhaus,MK
DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.16.4.555
发表时间：
1990-07-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
FERREIRA, F;HENDERSON, JM
通讯作者：
HENDERSON, JM