Gene Regulation in Insect Reproduction

Gene Regulation in Insect Reproduction
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昆虫繁殖中的基因调控

DOI:
10.1080/07924259.1991.9672174
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发表时间:
1991
影响因子:
0.8
通讯作者:
G. R. Wyatt
G. R. Wyatt
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
G. R. Wyatt

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后生动物的有性生殖需要性分化结构的发育,然后由生理和环境刺激决定其功能。这取决于两性遗传信息的差异表达。在昆虫中,这一过程的早期步骤通常是在遗传调节下产生两性异形,在生殖阶段,激素调节往往是叠加的。效应激素-蜕皮激素和幼激素-不是性别特异性的,但产生性别特异性的影响,作为响应细胞中的二型基因编程的结果。这与哺乳动物用于实现类似结果的机制形成对比,其中Y连锁基因(McLaren,1988; Sinclair et al.,1990),雄性激素的分泌导致雄性个体的分化,而雄性激素的缺乏则导致雌性个体的发育。昆虫的性别决定和分化为研究基因级联的调控和作用提供了机会,而脊椎动物中还没有类似物。由于生殖功能所需的最终分化组织的几种蛋白质产物在激素刺激下大量产生,因此,
Sexual reproduction in metazoans requires the development of sexually differentiated structures, which then function at times determined by physiological and environmental stimuli. This depends on differential expression of genetic information in the two sexes. In insects, the earlier steps in this process are generally under genetic regulation that gives rise to sexual dimorphism, and in the reproductive stage hormonal modulation is often superimposed. The effector hormones- ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones-are not sex-specific, but produce sex-specific effects as a consequence of dimorphic gene programming in the responding cells. This contrasts with the mechanism used to achieve similar results by mammals, in which a Y-linked gene (McLaren, 1988; Sinclair et al., 1990) brings about testis development, and the resultant male hormone is responsible for male somatic differentiation, while the absence of male hormone permits the development of female characters'.Insect sex determination and differentiation provide opportunities for analysis of the regulation and action of cascades of genes, for which no analogs are yet known in the vertebrates. Since several of the protein products of the eventual differentiated tissues, required for reproductive functions, are abundantly produced in response to hormonal stimuli, exceptional opportuni-
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