Comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with psychiatric disorder: an overview.
Comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with psychiatric disorder: an overview.
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注意力缺陷/多动症与精神疾病的合并症：概述。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
S. Pliszka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Pliszka
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)与多种精神障碍并存。这些包括对立违抗障碍和品行障碍，以及情感、焦虑和学习障碍。对于这种重叠的意义，人们进行了相当大的辩论。这是偶然发生的，还是推荐偏见的产物？这些共病是ADHD的次要症状，还是其他精神障碍可以伪装成注意力问题？或者，ADHD可能以不同的亚型存在，每一种亚型都有其特定的共病。本文回顾了ADHD中对立障碍、品行障碍、情感障碍、焦虑障碍和学习障碍共病的研究。ADHD和ADHD伴品行障碍似乎是不同的亚型，可能有不同的病因。虽然这两组儿童对兴奋剂的短期反应是相同的，但患有ADHD和品行障碍的儿童成年后反社会人格的比例更高。同时存在的焦虑似乎会减弱ADHD儿童的冲动，同时伴有焦虑的ADHD儿童的刺激反应更差。焦虑和多动症似乎是独立遗传的。ADHD儿童的一部分也符合双相情感障碍的标准，尽管这种诊断在ADHD儿童中的确切流行率存在强烈争议。不管流行程度如何，这是一个严重受损的ADHD儿童群体，他们的家庭中攻击性和精神障碍的发生率很高。ADHD和重度抑郁症的共病研究要少得多，也几乎没有得出确切的结论。最后，大约20%-25%的ADHD儿童符合学习障碍的标准，但学习障碍似乎与ADHD无关。
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been noted to be comorbid with a variety of psychiatric disorders. These include oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, as well as affective, anxiety, and learning disorders. Considerable debate has revolved as to the meaning of this overlap. Does it occur by chance or is it an artifact of referral bias? Are the comorbid conditions secondary to the ADHD, or can other psychiatric disorders masquerade as attentional problems? Alternatively, ADHD may exist as distinct subtypes, each with its specific comorbidity. Studies that have examined the comorbidity of oppositional, conduct, affective, anxiety, and learning disorders in ADHD are reviewed. ADHD and ADHD with conduct disorder appear to be distinct subtypes, possibly with different etiologies. While the short-term response to stimulants is the same in these two groups, children with ADHD and conduct disorder children have higher rates of antisocial personality as adults. Coexisting anxiety appears to attenuate impulsivity in ADHD, and stimulant response is poorer in ADHD children with comorbid anxiety. Anxiety and ADHD appear to be inherited independently. A subset of ADHD children also meet criteria for bipolar disorder, although the exact prevalence of this diagnosis in ADHD children is strongly debated. Regardless of prevalence, this is a severely impaired group of ADHD children, with high rates of aggression and psychiatric disorder in their families. The comorbidity of ADHD and major depression is much less studied, and few firm conclusions can be made about it. Finally, about 20%-25% of ADHD children meet criteria for a learning disorder, but learning disorders appear to be independent of ADHD.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Mannuzza;R. Klein;P. Konig;Tina L. Giampino
通讯作者：
S. Mannuzza;R. Klein;P. Konig;Tina L. Giampino
儿童和青少年的抑郁合并症：经验、理论和方法论问题。
DOI：
10.1176/ajp.150.12.1779
发表时间：
1993
期刊：
The American journal of psychiatry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Angold,A;Costello,EJ
通讯作者：
Costello,EJ
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Biederman;S. Faraone;K. Keenan;J. Benjamin;B. Krifcher;Cynthia Moore;S. Sprich-Buckminster;
通讯作者：
J. Biederman;S. Faraone;K. Keenan;J. Benjamin;B. Krifcher;Cynthia Moore;S. Sprich-Buckminster;
哌醋甲酯对有或没有攻击性/不依从性特征的注意力缺陷多动障碍的比较效果。
影响因子：
--
作者：
Klorman,R;Brumaghim,JT;Salzman,LF;Strauss,J;Borgstedt,AD;McBride,MC;Loeb,S
通讯作者：
Loeb,S
影响因子：
--
作者：
Mannuzza,S;Klein,RG;Bonagura,N;Malloy,P;Giampino,TL;Addalli,KA
通讯作者：
Addalli,KA