Does Raising the Early Retirement Age Increase Employment of Older Workers?
Does Raising the Early Retirement Age Increase Employment of Older Workers?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.09.003
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发表时间：
2013-12
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Zweimueller, Josef
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Staubli, Stefan;Zweimueller, Josef
奥地利的两项养恤金改革将男子的提前退休年龄从60岁提高到62岁，妇女从55岁提高到58.25岁。我们发现，提高就业率在受影响的男性中增加了9.75%，在受影响的女性中增加了11%。改革对失业保险计划产生了很大的溢出效应，但对残疾保险索赔的影响微不足道。具体而言，男性失业率上升了12.5个百分点，女性失业率上升了11.8个百分点。高工资和健康工人的就业反应最大，而低工资和不太健康的工人要么继续通过残疾福利提前退休，要么通过失业福利弥合与ERA的差距。考虑到溢出效应和额外的税收收入，我们发现，对于一个典型的出生年份队列，一年的ERA增加导致政府净支出减少1.07亿欧元的男性和1.22亿欧元的女性。
Two pension reforms in Austria increased the early retirement age (ERA) from 60 to 62 for men and from 55 to 58.25 for women. We find that raising the ERA increased employment by 9.75 percentage points among affected men and by 11 percentage points among affected women. The reforms had large spillover effects on the unemployment insurance program but negligible effects on disability insurance claims. Specifically, unemployment increased by 12.5 percentage points among men and by 11.8 percentage points among women. The employment response was largest among high-wage and healthy workers, while low-wage and less healthy workers either continued to retire early via disability benefits or bridged the gap to the ERA via unemployment benefits. Taking spillover effects and additional tax revenues into account, we find that for a typical birth-year cohort a one year increase in the ERA resulted in a reduction of net government expenditures of 107 million euros for men and of 122 million euros for women.
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