Identification of a mechanochemical checkpoint and negative feedback loop regulating branching morphogenesis.

Identification of a mechanochemical checkpoint and negative feedback loop regulating branching morphogenesis.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.09.037
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发表时间:
2009-12-15
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Larsen, Melinda
Larsen, Melinda
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Daley, William P.;Gulfo, Kathryn M.;Sequeira, Sharon J.;Larsen, Melinda

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裂的形成是下颌下腺(SMG)分支形态发生的初始步骤,可能是由局部肌动球蛋白介导的细胞收缩引起的。由于ROCK调节细胞骨架收缩,我们研究了ROCK抑制对小鼠SMG离体器官培养物的影响。ROCK的药理学抑制剂,亚型特异性ROCK I而不是ROCK II siRNA,以及肌球蛋白II活性抑制剂在起始时阻止裂缝。这一发现意味着存在一个机械化学检查点,调节启动裂缝过渡到进展能力裂缝。在检查点下游,裂缝通过ROCK I/肌球蛋白II促进的纤连蛋白的局部组装而变得有能力。裂缝进展主要由ROCK I/肌球蛋白II刺激的细胞增殖介导,细胞收缩也有贡献。此外,我们表明,FN组装本身促进上皮细胞增殖和裂缝进展的ROCK依赖的方式。ROCK还刺激了一个不依赖于增殖的负反馈回路,以防止进一步的裂缝启动。这些结果表明,裂缝的产生和发展是两个不同的物理和生化过程。
Cleft formation is the initial step in submandibular salivary gland (SMG) branching morphogenesis, and may result from localized actomyosin-mediated cellular contraction. Since ROCK regulates cytoskeletal contraction, we investigated the effects of ROCK inhibition on mouse SMG ex vivo organ cultures. Pharmacological inhibitors of ROCK, isoform-specific ROCK I but not ROCK II siRNAs, as well as inhibitors of myosin II activity stalled clefts at initiation. This finding implies the existence of a mechanochemical checkpoint regulating the transition of initiated clefts into progression-competent clefts. Downstream of the checkpoint, clefts are rendered competent through localized assembly of fibronectin promoted by ROCK I/myosin II. Cleft progression is primarily mediated by ROCK I/myosin II-stimulated cell proliferation with a contribution from cellular contraction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that FN assembly itself promotes epithelial proliferation and cleft progression in a ROCK-dependent manner. ROCK also stimulates a proliferation-independent negative feedback loop to prevent further cleft initiations. These results reveal that cleft initiation and progression are two physically and biochemically distinct processes.
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